TREES AND SHEUBS 27 



of preceding year, sometimes terminal; pistillate cones terminal; 

 scales closely overlapping; bracts membranous mostly bidden by the 

 scales; cones maturing first year, pendant; scales thinish, persistent. 

 Seeds winged. 



Young branches and leaf bases pubescent; cones 



short, 1 to 2 Inches long; leav ; dull green, 



not glaucous. 1. P. engelmanni. ;\ 



Toung branches and leaf bases glabrous; cones 



longer, 2 to 3.5 inches, leaves on the older 



parts usually darker green, the younger 



ones very glaucous and lighter colored. 2. P. parryana. 



3. ABIES Link. Balsam, Fir. 



Medium sized and large trees 30 to 100 feet bigh; witb very 

 rougb thick or thin corky bark, wood soft and somewhat spongy; 

 leaves apparently 2 -ranked, narrow and flatish, sometimes strongly 

 keeled, leaving no bases when they fall away; staminate amenta 

 arising from the axils of the leaves of the preceding year. 



Large trees, often over 100 feet high, 2 to 4 



feet in diameter; bark dark colored, very 



thick, hard, and rough, on young trees and 



branches smooth and light colored; leaves 



1% to 2% inches long, dark green above, 



glaucous beneath. 1. A. concolor. 



Medium sized to small trees, 50 feet high or 



less, slender, with relatively thin, smooth, 



whitish, corky bark; leaves short 1 to lYz 



inches long, crowded. 2. A. arizonica. 



4. PSEUDOTSUGA L. Spruce. Douglas Spruce.. 

 White Fir. . Red Fir. 



A robust tree over 100 feet high and 3 to 6 feet in diameter, 

 occasionally much larger, with rough thick bark; leaves flat and 

 linear, twisted at the base so as to appear 2-ranked, % to 1 inch long; 

 cones l 1 /^ to 2% inches long, with thin persistent scales and elon- 

 gated exserted 3-lobed bracts, ovate oblong, pendulous, maturing 

 the first year. 



A single species in the mountains, above 7,000 



feet throughout the state. 1. P. mucronata. 



