1684 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS. 



COMPOSITE. 



(Composite Family.) 



Artemisia cana, White (Sage-brash). Shrub, 1 to 3 feet high ; abundant on most bot- 

 toms; the most prevalent sage-brash of this region, and, I am informed, of the Black 

 Hill s. It makes tolerable fuel when dry, and in many pi aces is the only kind obtainable. 



Artemisia tridentata (Three-toothed, Common Sage-brush). — First seen on Sunday 

 Creek, hence common westward. Rather small sized. 



Artemisia trifida. — Found in company with the tridentata; much rarer. 



Artemisia Ludoriciana (Western Mugwort.) — Not common. 



Var. latiloba (Woolly Herb.) — Judith Basin. 



The other species oi* Artemisia found, but all herbaceous, are the biennis, draeuueu- 

 loides, and frigida. Common, specially the frigida. 



EL.EAGNACE.E. 



(Oleaster Family.) 



Shepherdia argentea (Buffalo or Bull Berry). — Common on the Missouri, from Lincoln 

 upward; Yellowstone, Muscleshell. Blossoms in May, fruit ripening in August, but 

 best flavored after being touched by frost in November. On December 1 still quite 

 palatable. Supplied a needed article of food to the command. No unpleasant effects 

 noticed from its use. 



Shepherdia Canadensis (Canadian Bull Berry). — Shrub with yellowish, insipid fruit. 

 Judith Basin. 



EUmgnus argentea (Silver Berry). — Small shrub with silvery leaves. Cedar Creek and 

 Judith Basin. 



URTICACE^E. 



(Nettle Family.) ' 



llmus Americana (American or White Elm). — Only seen on the higher grounds of the 

 Missouri Valley, between Lincoln and Buford. Not found west of Buford. A small 

 tree. % 



Hamulus lupulus (Common Hox>). — Common on Missouri and Yellowstone. 



CUPULIFER.E. 



(Oak Family.) 



Quercus rnacrocarpa (Burr-Oak; Mossy-Cup Oak). — Middle-sized tree, 20 to 50 feet 

 high, 1 to 3 feet in diameter. Missouri bottom along the base of the bluffs and in 

 ravines. Common between Stevenson and Lincoln and downward, but rare above 

 Stevenson and not found at Buford and westward. 



CAPRIFOLIACE.E. 



(Honeysuckle Family.) 



Sgmphoricarpus oceidcntalis (Snowberry; Wolf berry). — Abounds throughout this 

 region. 



Sgmphoricarpus vulgaris (Coral Berry). — Cedar Creek. Not common. 



OLEACEiE. 



(Olive Family.) 



Fraxinus Americana (White Ash). — On the higher grounds of the Missouri bottom, and 

 in ravines. From Lincoln to Carroll, in small groves. Nowhere abundant. Most com- 

 mon on the affluents of Missouri between Peck and Buford. On Yellowstone, first seen 

 15 miles above Tongue River. Cedar and Sunday Creeks. Not met with on the Muscle- 

 shell. Middle-sized tree, sometimes 2 feet in diameter, but with short, crooked trunk. 

 not very suitable for timber. 



ACERINE.E. 



(Maple Family.) 



Negundo aceroides (Ash-leaved Maple ; Box-Elder). — Avery hardy, thrifty shrub or 

 small tree. Common on the, banks of the tributaries of the Upper Yellow stone and 

 those of the Missouri above Buford. Often running up in ravines to the summit of the 

 slopes. Cedar Creek. Rocky Fork, Little .Rocky Mountains, &.C. Next to poplar and 

 willow, the most prevalent tree observed. 



