42 C GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 



Eiver it is of fair size, but on the Churchill it becomes small towards 

 the sea. Its northern limit runs north-westward to the McKenzie 

 Eiver, which it is said to cross below Peel's Eiver. 



Banksian Pine — ('Cypress.") — This tree appears to attain its great- 

 est perfection on the southern branches of the Albany Eiver, where I 

 have seen large groves with tall straight trunks, free from branches, 

 and about two feet in diameter at the butt. The original forests of the 

 lower part of the valley of the Moose Eiver having been destroyed by 

 fire many years ago, a crop of white birch and poplars now replaces 

 the former coniferous timber, so that the proper northern limits of the 

 different species of the latter can scarcely be defined. A young and 

 healthy growth of Banksian pines was seen on the Missinaibi branch 

 of this river a few miles below ''Hell's Gate," but none were observed 

 to the northward in this region. It was abundant along Steel Eiver, 

 but ceased to be noticed on the upper part of Hayes' Eiver. In goino- 

 up the Nelson Eiver, it was first met with about twenty- miles below 

 Gull Lake. It was found on the upper part of the Little Churchill 

 Eiver, and is said to be very abundant along the Great Churchill above 

 the point which I reached, and also around Athabasca Lake. Its 

 northern limit is reported to cross the McKenzie below Peel's Eiver. 



Balsam Fir — (also called "Single Spruce" and " Silver Pine "). — 

 Abundant around the southern part of James' Bay and on good dry 

 soil along the Albany Eiver. Mr. Cochrane reports it as common 

 around Island Lake, but scarcer on God's Lake. It is rare and of small 

 size at Knee Lake. In going down the Nelson Eiver, it is scarce below 

 the Sea Eiver Falls, and the last tree which I observed was at the out- 

 let of Sipi-wesk Lake. On the Grass Eiver some good-sized trees were 

 seen as far north as the Standing-rock Eapid. It is not a common tree 

 along the east side of Lake Winnipeg, is scarce between that lake and 

 Lakes Manitoba and Winnipegosis, and appears to be absent to the 

 westward of these lakes, although to the north-west it reaches the 

 McKenzie Eiver. 



White Cedar. — The northern limit of this species touches the southern 

 extremity of James' Bay, and to the north-westward it crosses the 

 Albany Eiver at some distance from the sea. It is, however, abundant 

 in the upper Albany country and in the Lonely Lake and English 

 Eiver regions. Its northern boundary crosses the Winnipeg Eiver a 

 few miles south of Pine Falls. Near the south end of Lake Winnipeg 

 it is met with, of good size, in the bay to the south of Grand Marais 

 Point. In Manitoba, it is found east of Eed Eiver in the Big Woods, 

 and even in Kildonan, from which its western limit runs towards the 

 south-east angle of the Province and thence southward in the United 



