614 EXOGENOUS PLANTS. 



ascertained to be identical with the native of Oregon, so extensively used in that region as an article of 

 diet, by the Indian tribes. Its thick fleshy root possesses, in a fresh state, the peculiar aromatic qualities 

 which render most of the plants of this genus useful in medicine. This property being dissipated in the 

 process of cooking, it is said to form a nutritious and palatable article of food. I am not informed of any 

 similar application of this plant in the region of country under examination, but this may be accounted 

 for from its comparative scarcity. 



CoMPOSiTiE. — Vernonia fasciculata, (Michx.) August. Iron weed. St. Croix. Liatris cylindracea, 

 (Michx.) August. Dry hillsides. Iowa and Minnesota. Liatris scariosa, (Willd.) August. Dry 

 rolling prairies. Iowa. Liatris pyenostachya, (Torr. and Gr.) Moist places in prairies. Iowa, and Min- 

 nesota. Kuhnia eupatorioides, (L.) September. Dry hills. Davenport, Iowa. Eupatorium purpureum, 

 (L.) Low grounds. St. Croix. Eupatorium serotinum, (Michx.) September. Dry banks of rivers. 

 Iowa. Eupatorium perfoliatum, (L.) Boneset. St. Croix, &c. Eupatorium ageratoides, (L.) August. 

 Ealls of St. Croix. Aster macrophyllus, (L.) Copses. Common throughout the Northwest. Aster 

 sericeus, (Vent.) August. Dry prairies. Iowa. Barrens of St. Croix. A characteristic and hand- 

 some species, with silvery foliage and rich purple flowers. Aster locvis, (L.) August. Dry wood- 

 lands. Common. Aster azureus, (Lindl.) August. Dry hillsides. Iowa and Minnesota. Aster 

 cordifolius, (L.) August. Thickets. St. Croix. Aster sagittifolius, (Willd.) August. Falls of 

 St. Croix. Aster multiflorus, (Ait.) September. Dry fields. Iowa. Aster miser, (Ait.) August. 

 Tbickets. St. Croix. Aster puniceus, (L.) September. Moist ground. St. Croix. Aster laxi- 

 folius, (Nces.) August. Bogs. St. Croix. Aster oblongifolius, (Nutt.) June. Rocky banks of 

 the Mississippi, near Davenport, Iowa. Aster ptarmicoides, (Torr. and Gr.) August. Dry river 

 bluffs, Mississippi and St. Croix. Erigeron Canadense, (L.) A common weed springing up very 

 rank on broken prairies, where cultivation has been abandoned. Erigeron bellidifolium, (Muhl.) 

 May. Grassy places. Iowa and Minnesota. Erigeron Philadelphicum, (L.) June. Davenport, 

 Iowa. Erigeron glabellum, (Nutt.) Upper St. Croix. Erigeron annuum, (Pers.) June. Davenport, 

 Iowa. Erigeron strigosom, (Muhl.) St. Croix. Diplopappus umbellatus, (Torr. and Gr.) Thickets of 

 St. Croix. Solidago bicolor, var. concolor, (Linn.) August. Trap rocks. Falls of St. Croix. Solidago 

 latifolia, (L.) Shaded river-banks in the Northwest. Solidago stricta, (Ait.) August. Tamerack 

 swamps. St. Croix. Solidago speciosa, (Nutt.) August. Dry, rolling prairies. IoWa and Minne- 

 sota. Solidago rigida, (L.) September. A conspicuous and common prairie plant. Solidago ulini- 

 folia, (Muhl.) August. Falls of St. Croix. Solidago nemoralis, (Ait.) August. Dry hillsides. 

 Iowa and Minnesota. Solidago serotina, (Ait.) August. Falls of St. Croix. Solidago lanceolata, (Ait.) 

 August. St. Croix. Chrysopsis villosa, (Nutt.) July. Dry soil. Fort Snelling. Silphium lacinia- 

 tum, (L.) July. Bosin weed, " Compass plant." Prairies of Iowa and Illinois. Silphium perfoliatum, 

 (L.) Cup plant. Borders of streams. Iowa and Minnesota. Its large, coarse leaves, uniting at their 

 insertion around the square stem, form a cup-shaped cavity, which retains the water after a shower. 

 Ambrosia artemisifolia, (L.) Waste places. Ambrosia trifida, (L.) Growing with luxuriant rankness 

 on the rich cultivated bottoms of the Mississippi. Xanthium strumarium, (L.) River-banks, St. Peter's. 

 Hcliopsis lfevis, (Pers.) July. Banks of streams throughout the Northwest. Echinacea angustifolia, 

 (D. C.) June. An abundant and striking prairie-flower in Iowa. Its thick, pungent root, under the 

 name of " Black Sampson," has wonderful properties ascribed to it in popular medicine. Echinacea 

 purpurea, (Mcench.) July. Iowa prairies. Rudbeckia hirta, (L.) June. Dry soil. Iowa and Minnesota. 

 Rudbeckia triloba, (L.) September. Dry hillsides. Iowa. Rudbeckia subtomentosa, (Pursh.) Au- 

 gust. Wet places. Iowa. Rudbeckia laciniata, (L.) August. Copses. Iowa and Minnesota. Lepa- 

 cbys pinnata, (Torr. and Gr.) July. Dry prairies. Iowa and Minnesota. Helianthus rigidus, (Desf.) 

 September. Abundant on dry prairies. Iowa. Helianthus occidentalis, (Riddell.) July. Dry hills. 

 Davenport, Iowa, and St. Croix. Helianthus giganteus, (L.) August. Copses. St. Croix. Helian- 

 thus strumosus, (L.) Copses. Common. Helianthus tuberosus, (L.) Common artichoke. River- 

 banks. St. Peter's and St. Croix. Certainly native, and a well-known article of diet among the Indians, 

 called by the Chippewas, Ush-ke-buag. Like the red-currant, and hop, it furnishes another singular 

 instance, in this region, of a native plant, which is soon destined, with the progress of civilization, to 

 meet its cultivated compeer, coming from a far land. Actinomeris squarrosa, (Nutt.) September. 

 Thickets. Iowa. Coreopsis tripteris, (L.) Borders of streams. Iowa. Coreopsis palmata, (Nutt.) 

 June. Dry copses and prairies. Iowa and Minnesota. Bidens frondosa, (L.) Wet places. Common. 

 Bidcns chrysanthemoides, (Michx.) August. St. Croix. Bidens Beckii, (Torr.) Floating in shallow 



