Tin: MAUlNi: ALG/E OF NEW ENGLAND. 17 



lociilar and plurilocular sporan<,na arc borne at the base of the pcriplu'ial 

 lihimeiits. In Klachisttu there are also i)arai)liyses. 



CnoRDARIE.t:. — In this fixniily the branehfn«r irond is llhunentons, 

 and eonsists of an axis of h)n«xitn(bnal fdaments and a perii)heral series 

 of short lihunents, whieh are ^iven oil' at ri-ht an^^les to the axis. The 

 sporangia are found amongst the peripheral lilanients, theuniloenlar aro 

 ovoidal, and the phiriloeular arise from the metamorphosis of the cells 

 at the outer extremity of the peripheral fdaments. 



AsPEROCOCCE^E. — The fronds of this family are the counterparts of 

 those in the Scytosiphonew, but the sporangia, instead of being superlicial, 

 are external and do not cover the whole surface, but are found in spots. 

 The spots contain i)araphyses and spherical unilocular si)orangia. 



Kalfsie.e. — In this family, composed of very few species, the frond 

 is in the form of a crust, resembling a lichen. The fruit is found on tho 

 surface in spots, composed of paraphyses and unicellular sporangia. 



Sporociine^e. — Here the frond is a solid branching lilament and tho 

 fruit is found in spots on the surface. Each spot consists'of a number 

 of paraphyses, at the base of which are either oval unilocular sporangia 

 or plurilocular sporangia iu the form of short lilameuts, resembling tho 

 sporangia of PhyUitis. 



LA3IINAR1E.E. — The family which includes the devil's aprons and sea- 

 colander of our coast. The fruit either forms long i)atches or more or 

 less irregular spots along the center of the frond. Unicellular sporangia 

 only are known. The sporangia are separated from one another by pe- 

 culiar-shaped unicellular paraphyses, which are expanded at the top so 

 as to cover the sporangia. 



Oospores. — In the order Zoosporccv the sexual reproduction consists 

 in the direct union of two zoospores, which form a zygospore. The two 

 conjugating zoospores, or gameten if we adopt De Bary's nomenclature, 

 are alike in structure, and it is impossible to say which is male and 

 which is female. In the CutleriecVj of which no representative has as 

 yet been found on our coast, we have alga? resembling the Fhccosporece 

 in habit, but differing from them in that their reproduction is of a higher 

 grade. The CutlerUv have both zoospores and antherozoids, or proper 

 male organs. Tho zoospores are large, and are born singly in cells, 

 which are united in eights into an oblong body. The antheridia borno 

 on distinct individuals are also oblong in shape, but, instead of being 

 divided into eight cells, they are formed of a much larger number of 

 small cells, in each one of which an antherozoid is produced. The an- 

 therozoids are small oval bodies, almost colorless, and provided with 

 two lateral cilia. In Cutler ia coUaris Eeinke found that the zoospores 

 after swimming about for some time, lost their cilia and canu' to rest. 

 While at rest the antherozoids approached them, and he considered that 

 the sexual union then took idace. Ilere, then, we find a clear distinc- 

 tion of the sexes such as is nowhere found in the Zoosporcfv^ and it is 

 but a step higher to the OosponWj in which we have a distinct male 



