THE MARINE ALG.E OF NEW ENGLAND. 111? 



frithojiyno. After fertilization, the contents of the cell at the base of tlir ii i< ii(»;4\ ni> 

 «livi«le, (piadrant I'a.shion, and we have a number of Hpores pro<luce«l at once from tho 

 ori;iinal cell. In Xvmalion the trichophore, or swollen base of tho tricluijjyne, divides, 

 ;uul the divisions grow out laterally and form short filaments, each cell of which becomes 

 :i spore, so that at maturity the cystocarjuc fruit consists of a dense tuft of radiating, 

 moniliform lihuuents. In the Ccramiai' we have/ar<7/(r, or cystocarps, in which the 

 carpogenic cells luid out and produce several lobes, each of which divides into a num- 

 ber of very short filaments, whieh do not separate from one another, but remain ad- 

 herent. Tho cells of the lihuuents aro changed into spores, which form irregular 

 groups, but are still hehl together by the mass of jelly which surrounds them. In tho 

 more highly developed suborders the spores either radiate in filaments from a sort of 

 idacenta which is produced from the carpogenic cells or else aro terminal on short 

 stalks. The i)ericarps are special sacks or conceptacles, inclosing tho simres an<l 

 developed from the cells below the procarp, or we may have the cystocarps borne in 

 the interior of solid fronds, whose external portion may then be said to form a p«'ricari» 

 around them. It will be seen that the structure of tho Flornhw is more complicated 

 than that of the other ordei-s of alga% and tho student cannot expect to obtain a clear 

 idea of the ditVerent subonlers without consideraVde study. The following key will ai<l 

 >omewhat, and the reader sliouhl consult the plates appended to this paper: 



1. Spores Ibrined in the cells of the frond itself Porp1n/r€a\ 



2. Spores (cystocarps) not formed directly from the .cells of the frond, 



bnt from a special procarp ij 



3. Spores without a special covering or pericari) 4 



Spores with a special covering 10 



4. Spores naked 5 



Spores immersed in the frond 7 



Spores immersed in external warts G 



5. Spores free on the surface of a lobulated mass ^...Spermothamniecv. 

 Spores irregularly grouped in masses which are surroun<led by a 



gelatinous envelope Ceramiecv. 



C. Fronds erect, cylindrical ^^pongiocarpcw. 



Fronds horizontally exi)anded S([uamariea\ 



7. Spores arranged in dense tufts of radiating moniliform fda- 



ments Xemaliew. 



Spores on an axile placenta in swollen branches GcUdica\ 



Spores in numerous radiating tufts around a central placenta or 



carpogenic cell Solieriea\ 



Si)ores arranged without order 8 



8. Spores forming a single mass or nucleus and entirely l)iiried in the 



frond 9 



Spores in several masses, separated by the tissue of the internal part of 

 the frond and rising in swellings above the surface. ..(ii<i(n'tinca\ 



9. Fronds holh)w and tubular J)umoutica\ 



Fronds solid Criiptoncmica\ 



10. Si>()res arranged without regular order 11 



Spores in small, scattered tufts, borne on branching tihiments — 



lllipn€(v. 

 Spores in radiating moniliform filaments VI 



