THE MARINE ALG.E OF NEW ENTtLAND. Ill 



this statom'.»nt l»y our «>\vii obsorvations, altliou;;h Kosclitsm^ niaiutaiiis tin- contrary. 

 The jx«^nns Banjia, oxr«'i>t that the colls coiniiosiiii; tlu* froiul are arran^^fd in cylindri- 

 cal filaments instead of expanded nieiubranes, dillers in no essential respect from Vor- 

 phyra and the prodnctiou of spores and autherozoids is the same. 



The development and structure of thespeciesof this order have foruied the subject of 

 a number of important papers, viz : Porphyra laciiiiaUi, in I^tndesPhycolo«;i4ue^, by Bor- 

 iiot antl Thuret ; l^tmUt Anatnnx'i'nu'XHurU'ii Porphyra, by .lanczewski, in Annalesdes Sci- 

 ences, Ser. r>, V«»l. XVII: and Ccher die (rinchlerhtspt{nn:vu ron liamjia fuxco-purpnreay in 

 Prinijsheim's Jahrbiicher, Vol. II. In the Nereis. Am. Bor., Harvey placed Porphyra 

 and lianyia with the UlvavtiV, which they resemble in so far as they consist of simpls 

 membranes and filaments some of whose cells chan;;e directly into spores. Thesporeo 

 of the Porphyrea'j however, are motionless ln>dies, not zoospores as in the Ulracefr, and 

 their color is uot «]jreen, but brownish red. The systematic position of the order has 

 been in doubt, because, although there were well-known spores and bodies to which 

 the uame of antheridia was applied, no one had succeeded in detecting trichogynes 

 and procarps, which must necessarily exist if the Porphyrea; are to be classed with the 

 Florideo". Dr. G. Berthold, however, has recently published in the Mittheilungea aus 

 der zoologischen Station zu Neapel a conmmuication in which he claims to have discov- 

 ered trichogynes in species of lianffia and Porphyra. According to him, the cells pro- 

 duce short trichogynes to svhich the autherozoids adhere, and as a result the contents 

 of the cell divide and produce the spores at once. In other w^ords, the Porphyrecv are 

 the simplest of the Floridta-; a vegetative cell produces a trichogyue and is itself the 

 carpogenic cell from which the spores are formed. Dr. Berthold goes further and says 

 that some of the spores are nonsexual and are trne tetraspores, but his article is not 

 accompanied by illustrations. Bornet, to a certain extent following Cohn, suggests a 

 possible connection of the Floride(P with the Phycochromacece by means of the Porphy- 

 re(P. Admitting that Erylhrotrichia and Goniotrichuin are related to Porphyra and 

 Bangia, we have in Goniotrichum alg;e composed of rose-colored discoid al cells packed 

 in a thick gelatinous tube, from which they escape much as in some of the Phycochrom- 

 ace<r. 



PORPHYRA, Ag. 

 (From "iropovpa, a pnrple dye.) 



Fronds gelatinous, membranaceous, composed of a single layer of 

 brownish-red cells, those near the base sending out root-like processes; 

 spores borne near the margin of frond, eight arising from a single mother- 

 cell ; antheridia marginal, consisting of 32-04 spherical, colorless au- 

 therozoids. 



A small genus, the species of which are characterized by the relative position of the 

 spores and antheridia and by the shape of the troud. Most of the species have been 

 founded on variations in the outline of the frond, and recent writers agree in uniting 

 many of the si>ecies of the older algologists. 



P. LACINIATA, Ag.— Later, (P. linearis, Grev.; Phyc. Brit., Pi. 211, 

 •Fig. 2.— P. vulgaris, Harv., Phyc. Brit., PI. 211, Fig. 1.— /'. hwiniata, 

 Har^^, Phyc. Brit., PI. 92; l^tudes Phyeol., PI. 31.) 



Fronds three inches to a foot and a half long, persistent throughout 

 the year, color livid purple, substance gelatinous but firm, at first 

 linear, but becoming widely expanded and finally much lobed and 

 laciniate; antheridia and .spores forming a marginal zone, usually borne 



