THE MARINE ALG.E OF NEW ENGLAND. 141 



riou owiujj to the great variation in sliapo. The snbonlcr approaclu's very rlosoly to 

 he t>rrtHuV<r, since the cystocarps are in nniny of the species tnie favelhe, which, in- 

 -reail of iK'injj naked, are conceak'd in the frouiLs. It is in fact merely an arbitrary 

 natter whether one phices (ihioniphonia in one snborder or the other. The fronds are 

 lore complicated than those of the Ceramie(r. In j;enera like CloioHipltonia and Xc- 

 tistoma there is an axis formed respectively of a nionosiphonons tilament or lmn<lle of 

 lilaments, and an ill-dehned cortex f(>rmcd simply of the loos«'ly nnited lateral fila- 

 ments. In other genera, as in Ilahfnunid, the cortex is more distinctly marked, and iu 

 Prioiiitis and i ri/ptonvmia the frond is dense and coriaceous. 



GLOIOSIPIIONIA, Carin. 



(Erom yoioc, sticky, and ai<;>uy, a tube.) 



Fronds mona'cious, frclatinous, cylindrical, brancliin^r, solid above, 

 and formed of a monosiphonous axis, whose cells in their central por- 

 tion bear whorls of fonr secondary branches, which divide so as to form 

 umbels, which collectively form the cortex ; descending filaments formed 

 from the lower part of secondary branches ; lower portion of fronds 

 hollow ; tetraspores cruciate, borne at the summit of the cortical fila- 

 ments; antheridia forming spots on the surface of the fronds; cysto- 

 carps borne on the lower part of the cortical filaments, consisting of 

 tufts of branching, radiating filaments densely packed in a single mass 

 and surrounded by jelly. 



A genus containing but a single certainly known species, found both in Europe and 

 this country. The genus has been placed by some writers iu the Cruptonemkce and by 

 others iu the Ctramka\ It in fact connects the two suborders, the fruit being a favclla 

 in which the spores all arrive at maturity at the same time, forming, in the terminol- 

 ogy of some algologists, a simple nucleus. The ripe cystocai'ps are concealed in the 

 I'rond, as in the Cryptonemie(F, but, on the other hand, the structure of the so-called 

 cortical layer is like the outer portion of Dudresnaya, which is generally placed in the 

 Ceramietp. A detailed account of the development of the cystocarp in G. copillaris will 

 be found in Notes Algologiques, p. 41. 



G. CAriLLAKis, Carm. ( G. ca2)iUari^, Carm., Thyc. Brit., PI. 57 ; Xotes 

 Algologiques, PI. 13.) 



Fronds gelatinous, four inches to a foot long, solid above, hollow below, 

 main branches subsiniple, terete, naked below, densely beset above with 

 locompound lateral l)ranclies, branchlets tapering at both extremities ; 

 ystocaips abundant, frequently forming nodosities. 



In pools below low- water mark. 



New London, Harvey; Xahant, W. G. F.; Chelsea, Miss Brewer; 



Gloucester, .1//-.*?. Bray and Mrs. Davis ; Hampton Beach, Br. Burlce; 



l*eak's Island, Elaine, Prof. Goodc. 



A widely diffused but locally rare species, found in early snmmer and disappearing 

 in August. It is easily recognized at sight by its delicate gelatinous substance an<l 

 brilliant rose color and by the tapering branchlets. Cystocariiic specimens are not 

 unfrequently foun<l, but tetrasporic plants are rare and have never been observed in 

 this country. The si>ecies shrinks very much in drying and aiUieres closely to paper. 



