THE MARINE ALG.E OF NEW ENGLAND. 145 



teriial, «ilobose, sessilo or pedici'llati', contaiiiiii'^ within a thick i)en- 

 carp several irregular masses of spores imbedded among the cells of the 

 fix)iid ; spores discharged by a narrow carpostome. 



The gomis com|»iisos cij^ht or nino spocies of the N(»rth Atlnntir ;iinl Meditorranean, 

 one spocit's, /*. Chrtlandii, l»ein«; found on thf cojwt of California. TIk* species are 

 dark r«'d. rather ooarso and rij^itl, not ailhorinj^ to paper, antl are very apt to be cov- 

 ered with lirifozoa. They inliabit rather (U'ej) water, and are charactt'riz.e*! by their 

 external fruit, the tetraspores beinj; arran^^ed in nemathecia or warts composed of 

 densely packed lilaments, each cell of which beconu's a cruciate tetraspore. Some of 

 tin* broader forms pass with collectors for species of lihodi/nmtiu. 



P. Brodi.ei, Ag. ; Phye. P>rit., PI. 20. 



Stipes cylindrical at base, compressed upwards, branched, the branches 

 expanding into oblong or wedge-shaped, simple or forked, membrana- 

 ceous lamina*, often proliferous at the summit ; cystocarps globose, ses- 

 sile on the lamiuie; nemathecia spherical, pedunculate, at the tips of 

 the lamiuie. 



In live to ten fathoms of water. 



Xewi^ort, 11. I.; Wood's IIoll, ^lass. ; and common from Xahant north- 

 ward. 



P. 3IEMCKANIF0LIA, Ag. ; Phyc. Brit, PL 1G3. 



Stipe cylindrical, liliforni, branched, the branches expanding into 

 broadly wedge-shaped bifid or dichotomous lamina? ; cystocarps ovoid, 

 stipitate, rising from the branches or lamina?; nemathecia forming 

 broad, dark-colored, convex patches in the center of the lamina?. 



In deep water on stones. 



Common from Long Island Sound northward ; Xorth Atlantic. 



Our two species of PhyUophora are perfectly easy to identify when tetrasporic speci- 

 mens are obtained. P. Brodim is a larger pLant than P. memhranifoUa, and the laminaj 

 are longer and larger and less broad at the base than in P. nvemhranifoUa, P. Brodiai 

 varies c(»nsiderably, however, and in the spring the bright-red broad laminre are oftea 

 broken from the stipes and washed ashore, when they might be mistaken for some 

 species of Jihodymenia. 



GYMNOGONGRUS, Mart. 



(From yvfii-oc, naked, and yoyypor, an excrescence.) 



Fronds dark red or purple, camoso-coriaceous, terete, compressed or 

 flat, dichotomous, composed of a medullary stratum of roundish, angu- 

 lar, colorless cells and a cortical stratum of closely packed short fila- 

 ments formed of small colored cells; tetraspores cruciate, borne iu 

 hemispherical nemathecia; cystocari)s immersed in the swollen frond, 

 consisting of several irregular masses of spores imbedded among the 

 cells of the frond ; spores discharged by a carpostome. 



A genus of al>out thirtj' species, found principally in the warmer parts of the world, 

 all rather coriaceous, but not attaining any great size. The genus is distinguished 



