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bari, Qwuàs aberrationes in zona frigida adeo crebras 
fieri omnemque excedere modum, ut, ubi ad demis 
sióra descendant dicti nivis termini, marisque ut di- 
cunt libellam attingant, omnis demum utriusque con- 
tinuatio desinat, mec raro glebae vegetae mive, et 
vice versa nivis cumuli caespitibus, insularum ad in- 
star, cireumdentur. | Adde ventorum hisce regionibus 
saevitiam, cui nix mobilis resistere nequit, solem ae- 
state nunquam occiduum, glacierumque mari innatan- 
tium moles huc illuc agitatas et, quocunque vehan- 
tur, polare frigus secum ferentes *); quibus omnibus 
efficitir, ut in regionibus polaribus ; commutatis pe- 
nitus suetis naturae conditionibus, littora pleraque 
sed non omnia perpetua nive obruta, montiumque 
fastigia saepius ea denudata reperiantur **), nec ulla 

*) ,Fon (Getreidearten wird jetzt (ín Island) gar Keine 
gebaut. | Im Nordlaude ist der besie tragbare Boden, wcl- 
cher oft zwei Fuss tief liegt; allein hier kommt so oft des 
Sommers das Polartreibeis, welches sogleich den 
Sommer in JF inter verwandelt und alle Fegeta- 
tion hemmt.** 'l'urexEMANN's Reise im Norden KEuropa's, 
vorzüglich in Island, II. Abtheilung. Leipzig, 1827. pag. 133. 
**) ,,It may appear a little remarkable, that an effect 
of cold, amounting to perpetual frost, that is observed in 
elevated situations, in temperate and even in bot climates, 
does not occur on the tops of considerable mountains in Spitz- 
bergen: and it is really extraordinary, that inferior moun- 
tains, such as Ben Nevis in Scotland, the elevation of which 
is only about 4380 feet, should sometimes exhibit a crest of 
snow throughout the year; while in Spitzbergen, where the 
mean annual temperature is about 30? (Fahreuh.) lower than 
in Scotland, and the mountains little inferior in elevation, 
the snow should sometimes be wholly dissolved at the most 
considerable heights. The higher Alps, excepting what is 
absolutely perpendicular, remain constantly covered with 
snow; and perhaps no instance of a thawing temperature 
ever occurs in any of the most elevated summits, But iu 
