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FLORA OF NEW JERSEY. 
THE State of New Jersey extends nearly two hundred miles from north 
to south, possessing a very varied surface, and a no less diversified geo- 
logical formation. The land rises in the north and west, in mountain 
heights of three thousand feet, grading towards the south and east to low 
plains just a few feet above the sea level, and is the beginning of the 
territory along the eastern side of the Appalachian system, known as the 
Atlantic slope ; where it first assumes the marked characteristic of low 
plains on the coast, succeeded inland by a hilly country, which grades 
upwards into mountains. 
This difference of elevation from the south towards the north gives a 
wide range of temperature, so that while in the northern boundaries of 
the State plants are found common to New England, the southern and 
coast regions yield the vegetation of Eastern Virginia. 
The whole western border is washed by the Delaware River, fed by 
tributaries from Pennsylvania and New York, bringing to its banks the 
seeds of a vast territory north and west of it. 
Its eastern shores are washed by the Hudson River and the Atlantic 
Ocean, wafting the seeds of many lands to the alluvial plains which skirt 
its eastern boundaries, Its varied soil is another remarkable feature of 
this State ; limestone in the north accompanied by iron and peat; marl, 
alluvial, arenaceous, ana clay deposits, with red shales and heavy loam, 
impregnated with iron, in the middle; while in the south and east loose 
sands, peat and sphagnous bogs, and green sand deposits alternate with 
patches of loam, in which clay more or less predominates. 

