UMBELLIFER^E. (PARSLEY FAMILY.) 113 



contains one ovule in each cell; and the fruit splitting into a pair of 

 dry seed-like indehiscent carpels. Stem commonly hollow. Leaves 

 mainly alternate, mostly compound, often decompound, the petiole 

 expanded or sheathing at base. Umbels usually compound, forming 

 umbellets. The bracts under the general umbel form an involucre, 

 under an umbellet an involucel. The enlarged base of the styles is the 

 Stylopodium, which is often surrounded by an epigynous disk. Each 

 carpel has usually 5 longitudinal ribs : in the intervals are usually one 

 or more longitudinal oil-tubes, or vittce. The face by which the two 

 carpels cohere is the commissure : a slender prolongation of the axis 

 between them is the carpophore ; this is apt to split into two branches, 

 a carpel suspended from the tip of each. 



I. Umbels irregularly compound, the flowers capitate in the umbellets. Oil-tubes obscure. 

 1. Sanicula. Leaves lobed and incised. Flowers polygamous, mostly yellow. Fruit 



covered with hooked prickles or tubercles. 



II. Umbels regularly compound. Fruit without prominent secondary ribs and not fur- 



nished with hooked or barbed prickles. 1 Oil-tubes rarely wanting. 



* Fruit more or less compressed laterally, broadly ovate or subglobose to elliptic-oblong, 



not broadly winged. 

 «- Seed with sides moderately incurved : carpophore 2-cleft : flowers yellow or white. 

 •2 3Iusenium. Fruit ovate or ovate-oblong : ribs 5, filiform, slightly prominent : oil-tubes 

 2 or 3 in the intervals. 



3. Orogenia. Fruit ovoid : ribs 5, the 3 dorsal ones filiform, the lateral thickened, corky 



and involute : oil-tubes obscure, 3 in each interval. 



•t- -*- Seed nearly terete or but slightly concave on the face. 



++ Fruit not prominently ribbed : carpophore bifid or 2-parted. Involucre and involucels 



usually present. Flowers white. 



4. Carum. Fruit ovate or oblong : ribs filiform : oil-tubes solitary. 



5. Berula. Fruit nearly globose, emarginate at base, with thickened epicarp : oil-tubes 



numerous and contiguous : leaflets ovate-oblong to linear, laciniately toothed. 

 ++ ++ Fruit with 5 strong ribs : carpophore 2-parted. 

 = Involucre none : flowers yellow: leaves all simple. 



6. Bupleurum. Fruit ovoid-oblong, witli or without oil-tubes : leaves entire. 



= = Involucres and involucels usually present : flowers white : leaves pinnate to pinnately 



decompound. 



7. Cicuta. Fruit broadly ovate, with thick obtuse wings : oil-tubes solitary. 

 S. Sium. Fruit globular : ribs wing-like : oil-tubes 1 to 3 in the intervals. 



* * Fruit somewhat compressed laterally, linear-oblong, with broad commissure, not 



winged : seed sulcate or reniform in section : carpophore 2-parted, persistent : flowers 

 white. 

 0. Osmorrhiza. Fruit narrowly attenuate at base, hispid on the acutish angles : oil-tubes 

 very obscure : seed sulcate on the face or somewhat involute : umbels nearly naked : 

 leaflets ovate, cleft and toothed. 

 10. Glycosma. Similar, but fruit not attenuate at base, very rarely hispid : seed broadly 

 sulcate. 



1 The introduced genus Daucus has the secondary ribs most prominent and armed with 

 barbed or hooked prickles, and solitary oil-tubes under the wings or ribs. See foot-note, 

 p. 121. 



