AKALIACE^E. (GINSENG FAMILY.) 121 



17. HERACLEUM, L. Cow Parsnip. 



Calyx-teeth small or obsolete. Disk undulate ; stylopodium conical. Fruit 

 orbicular or elliptical ; oil-tubes 2 on the commissure : seed flat and thin. — 

 Leaves ample, compound : umbels many-rayed : involucels many-leaved. 



I. H. lanatum, Michx. A very large strong-scented plant, 4 to 8 feet 

 high, woolly : stem grooved : leaves 1 to 2-ternately compound ; leaflets 

 somewhat heart-shaped. — From Colorado to British America and eastward 

 to the Atlantic ; also in California. 



18. ARCHEMORA, DC. Cowbane. 



Calyx 5-toothed. Fruit oval, flattish ; ribs approximated and equidistant 

 on the convex back ; oil-tubes 4 to 6 on the commissure. — Leaves pinnate, 

 with 3 to 9 lanceolate or linear leaflets : involucels of numerous small leaflets. 



1. A. Fendleri, Gray. Root fasciculate-tuberose; tubers 3 to 4, about 

 an inch long . stem simple, 1 to 2 feet high : leaflets of the radical and lower 

 cauline leaves ovate or oblong, all incisely serrate throughout : fruit hardly 

 2 lines long. — PI. Fendl. 56. Colorado and New Mexico. 



19. FERULA, L. 



Calyx-teeth obsolete. Disk small and stylopodium depressed. Fruit 

 oblong-elliptical or nearly orbicular. — Smooth, nearly acaulescent peren- 

 nials, with thick fusiform roots : leaves pinnately decompound : flowers 

 yellow, in many-rayed umbels. 



1. F. multifida, Gray. Stems l£ to 2 feet high, stout, naked or with 

 1 or 2 leaves : segments of the 3 to 4-pinnate leaves incisely pinnatifid, with 

 narrow or linear lobes: flowers dull yellow or brownish. — Proc. Am. Acad 

 vii. 348. In the Wasatch, W. Montana, Idaho, and Oregon. 



20. POLYT51NIA, 1 DC. 



Calyx 5-toothed. Fruit oval, very flat ; many oil-tubes in the corky margin. 



— A smooth herb, with 2-pinnate leaves, the uppermost opposite and 3-cleft. 

 involucels bristly : flowers bright yellow. 



1. P. Nuttallii, DC. Plant 2 or 3 feet high, with rather a stout sulcate 

 stem which is usually scabrous and leafy: leaves mostly on long petioles, the 

 segments pinnately incised or toothed: fruit 3 lines long, entire at each end. 



— Plains of the Platte and eastward to Indiana and Louisiana. 



Order 37. ARALIACEJE. (Ginseng Family.) 



Like Umbelliferce, but the umbels not regularly compound, stems apt 

 to be woody, styles and carpels more than two, and the fruit fleshy 

 (berry- like or drupaceous). 



1. Aralia. Petals imbricated. Ovary 2 to 5-celled. Pedicels jointed. Ours not prickly. 



2. Fatsia. Petals valvate. Ovary 2 to 3-celled. Pedicels not jointed. Very prickly 



throughout. 



1 The introduced Daucus Carota, L., may be known by its bristly stem, pinnatifid invo- 

 lucre which equals the dense and concave umbel, white or cream-colored flowers, the central 

 one of each umbellet being abortive and dark purple. 



