COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 131 



* * Akeues 10-costate or striate : scales of the involucre regularly imbricated ; the outer oues 



successively shorter. 

 ••- Scales of the involucre not herbaceous, conspicuously striate-nerved : corolla slender, 

 5-toothed at summit ; the teeth mostly glandular : pappus a single series of bristles : 

 leaves mostly not entire. 



3. Kulinia. Pappus conspicuously plumose. Scales of the involucre narrow, in few 



series. Leaves nearly all alternate. 



4. Brickellia. Pappus from barbellate or subplumose to merely scabrous. Leaves 



opposite or alternate. 

 *- •*- Scales of the involucre somewhat herbaceous or partly colored, not conspicuously 

 striate: corollas narrow, with gradually dilated throat and elongated lanceolate or linear 

 spreading (rose-colored) lobes : pappus about a single series of capillary or stouter 

 bristles: leaves punctate, entire. 



5. Liatris. Heads few to many-flowered. Involucre spirally imbricate. Akenes slender 



or tapering from apex to base, pubescent. Pappus of firm and mostly equal bristles, 

 from plumose to barbellate. Leaves alternate. Herbs, with heads in a terminal 

 spike or raceme, sometimes becoming paniculate. 



Tribe III. ASTEROIDEiE. Heads with ligulate ray-flowers pistillate or rarely neu- 

 tral, or with the flowers all hermaphrodite and tubular, or even dioecious. Receptacle 

 seldom chaffy. Pappus various, sometimes none. Leaves mostly alternate. 



* Disk wholly of hermaphrodite flowers, of the same color as the ray (if present), mostly 



yellow ; their corollas tubular with more or less ampliate throat and 4 or 5-lobed limb : 

 receptacle not chaffy, flat or merely convex: involucre closely imbricated, mostly in 

 several series. 

 ♦- Pappus chaffy : heads radiate, small, paniculate or cymose-clustered : scales of the invo- 

 lucre mostly coriaceous, the outer successively shorter. 



6. Gutierrezia. Involucre oblong-clavate or turbinate to canipanulate. Receptacle 

 from flat to conical, commonly alveolate o fimbrillate. Style-appendages mostly slender. 

 Rays 1 to 8. Akenes short, obovate or oblong, terete or 5-angled. 



4- •>- Pappus of a few (2 to 8) elongated awns or rigid caducous bristles : heads radiate or 

 rayless, solitary at the end of the branches. 



7. Grindelia. Heads many-flowered, hemispherical or at first globose : the scales nu- 



merous and narrow, imbricated in many series, firm and rigid, with more or less 

 herbaceous tips. Style-appendages lanceolate or linear. Akenes short and thick, 

 compressed or turgid, or the outer triangular, truncate, glabrous. 

 -^ -t- •♦- Pappus double : the inner of numerous capillary scabrous bristles : the outer com- 

 posed of minute short bristles or scales, which are sometimes even obsolete : heads 

 mostly radiate, middle-sized, terminating the stem and branches. 

 S. Chrysopsis. Heads many-flowered, with rays numerous or wanting. Involucre cam- 

 panulate or hemispherical, of narrow regularly imbricated scales. Style-appendages 

 from linear-filiform to slender-subulate. Akenes from obovate to linear-fusiform, 

 compressed or turgid. 

 +- -#-4-4- Pappus of numerous cajnllary scabrous bristles, simple, in one or more series : 

 receptacle more or less alveolate and the alveoli often dentate : style-appendages from 

 ovate-lanceolate to filiform : flowers yellow. 

 S. Chrysopsis. Species with outer pappus obscure or wanting would be sought here. 

 9. Aplopappus. Heads usually many-flowered, radiate, rarely discoid. Disk-corollas 

 narrow, 5-toothed. Involucre usually (but not always') broad: the bracts with or 

 without herbaceous tips. Akenes from turbinate to linear. 

 10. Bi^elovia. Heads 3 to 30-flowered, destitute of rays, small. Involucre narrow: the 

 bracts ohartaceons or coriaceous, mostly destitute of foliaceous or herbaceous tips. 

 Akenes narrow, terete or angled, hardly compressed, mostly at least 5-nerved. Pappus 

 of somewhat equal bristles. Inflorescence not racemiform- 



