138 COMPOSITE. (composite family.) 



«- «- Receptacle from convex to oblong: involucre of more than one series of bracts: 

 akenes short, obpyramidal or turbinate, 5 to 10-costate or angled, mostly silky- villous 

 or hirsute : disk-flowers all fertile. 



•h- Receptacle destitute of awn-like fimbrillae among the flowers. 



54. Actinella. Involucre campanulate or hemispherical, or sometimes broader; its 



bracts in two or more series, erect, often rigid ; outer sometimes united. Receptacle 

 from conical to convex. Rays fertile. Pappus of 5 to 12 thin and mostly hyaline 

 scales. Mostly low herbs, and bitter-aromatic. 



55. Helenium. Bracts of the involucre spreading, subulate or linear. Rays fertile or 



sterile, rarely none. Disk-corollas with 4 to 5-toothed limb ; the teeth obtuse, glandu- 

 lar-pubescent. Pappus of usually 5 or 6 thin scarious scales. Leaves commonly 

 impiessed-punctate, mostly decurrent. 

 «+ •»+ Receptacle (from convex to globular) beset with setiform or subulate fimbrillae among 



the flowers. 



56. Gaillardia. Involucre broad ; the bracts in 2 or 8 series, all but the short inner series 



foliaceous and lax. Ray-flowers neutral ; ligules 3-toothed or 3-cleft. Disk-corolhu 

 with 5 ovate-triangular to subulate teeth, which are beset with jointed hairs. Akenes 

 turbinate, 5-costate, covered with long villous hairs. Pappus conspicuous, longer 

 than the akene, of 5 to 10 hyaline-scarious scales with a costa mostly excurrent into 

 an awn. 

 * * # * Involucre of the small heads composed of a few equal connivent bracts in a single 

 series, sometimes one or two small additional ones at base : ligules small, not per- 

 sistent: akenes terete, oblong or linear, 8 to 10-striate-costate: leaves opposite: no oil- 

 glands. 



57. Flaveria. Heads one to several-flowered : the flowers all fertile, homogamous and 



tubular, or one female and short-ligulate. Disk-corollas 5-toothed. Involucre of 2 



to 5 mostly carinate-concave bracts. Pappus none. 

 ***** Involucre a series of equal bracts, either distinct or united into a cup or tube, 

 dotted or striped with oil-glands : rays when present fertile : ligules not persistent : 

 akenes mostly narrow and striate : pappus various : mostly glabrous and smooth herbs 

 or undershrubs, strong-scented, the herbage like the involucre commonly dotted with 

 some oil-glands. 



58. Dysodia. Pappus multisetose-polyadelphous, i. e. all or most of the 10 or more scales 



resolved, except a basal portion, into several or indefinitely numerous capillary, but 

 rather stiff bristles. Involucre hemispherical or campanulate, usually with a series 

 of loose accessory bracts, the proper bracts generally more or less gamophyllous. 



59. Hymen at herum. Pappus of several or numerous scales, either 1 to 5 aristate or 



pointed, or partly resolved into as many bristles, or some or all of them entire and 

 even truncate. Involucre campanulate, gamophyllous high up, with or without some 

 loose accessory bracts. Akenes mostly terete, and striate. 



60. Pectis. Heads radiate, several to many-flowered. Involucre naked at base, or nearly so, 



cylindrical or campanulate, of few or several equal carinate bracts in a single series. 

 Disk-corollas 5-lobed, one or two sinuses often deeper, thus becoming bilabiate. 

 Akenes linear, terete or angled. Pappus of few or numerous bristles or awns, some- 

 times chaffy-dilated at base, or of scales. Opposite-leaved herbs. 



Tribe VII. ANTHEMIDEjE. Akenes usually small and short, with no pappus or a 

 chaffy crown, or a circle of scales. Strong-scented or bitter-aromatic herbs or under- 

 shrubs, with alternate leaves. Distinguished from the former tribe chiefly by the 

 scarious involucre. 



* Receptacle with chaffy bracts : heads radiate. 



61. Leucampyx. Involucre broadly hemispherical ; its bracts broadly oval, equal, in 2 or 



3 series of 4 or 5 each, their margins white-scarious. Ray-flowers 8 or 10, fertile ; 

 ligule cuneatc-obovate, ample, on a slender glandular tube. Akenes large, obovate- 

 trigonous, with narrowed base and rounded summit, lightly 5-nerved, glabrous, 

 slightly incurved. Pappus an cbscure crown, soon obsolete. 



