SCROPHTJLARIACE.E. (FIGWORT FAMILY.) 271 



1. N. attenuata, Torr. A foot or two high: leaves all on naked and 

 mostly slender petioles and acute or merely obtuse at base ; the lower ovate or 

 oblong; the upper from oblong-lanceolate and .attenuate-acuminate to linear- 

 lanceolate or linear : corolla dull white or greenish, slender salcerform, not en- 

 larged at the throat ; the tube 1 to l£ inches long ; the obscxirely 5-lobed limb 4 to 6 

 lines in diameter: filaments equally inserted low down on the tube. — In dry 

 ground, from Colorado to Nevada and California. 



2. N. quadrivalvis, Push. A foot high, rather stout: leaves oblong 

 or the uppermost lanceolate, and the lower ovate-lanceolate, acute at both 

 ends, mostly sessile: flowers few: corolla white, tubular-funnel form and open- 

 mouthed; the tube barelu an inch long ; the 5-lobed limb 1£ inches or more in diame- 

 ter: filaments unequally inserted in the upper part of the tube: capsule 4-celled. — 

 A native of Oregon, but cultivated by the Indians to the Missouri : their most 

 prized tobacco-plant. 



Order 56. SCROPHULARIACEiE. (Figwort Family.) 



Chiefly herbs with didynamous or diandrous stamens inserted on the 

 tube of the 2-lipped or more or less irregular corolla : fruit a 2-celled 

 and usually many-seeded pod. Style single : stigma entire or 2-lobed. 



I. Leaves prevailingly opposite, at least the lower: upper lips or lobes of the corolla ex- 

 ternal in the bud. — Antirrhinide^tc. 



* Corolla bilabiate and more or less tubular ; tlie base of the tube gibbous or spurred on the 



lower side, and the lower lip often with an intrusion (palate) at the throat: stamens 

 4, with 2-celled anthers : capsule opening by irregular perforations or chinks : inflo- 

 rescence simple and racemose. 



1. Linaria. Corolla with a spur at base and a prominent palate nearly closing the throat. 



* * Corolla more or less bilabiate and tubular, not saccate or otherwise produced at base 



anteriorly r stamina 4, with usually a rudiment of the fifth present : capsule dehiscent 

 by valves : inflorescence normally compound. 

 •»- Corolla gibbous or saccate on the upper or posterior side of the tube • ovules and seeds 

 few or solitary in the cells : calyx deeply 5-cJeft : flowers solitary or umbelliform-verti- 

 cilhite. 



2. Collinsia. Corolla deeply bilabiate ; its upper lip 2-cleft, with lobes more or less erect ; 



lower larger and 3-lobed • its lateral lobes pendulous-spreading; middle one condu- 

 plicate into a keel-shaped sac which encloses the 4 declined stamens and style. Ante- 

 rior pair of filaments inserted higher than the other : anther-cells confluent at the 

 apex. A gland at base of corolla represents the fifth stamen. Leaves undivided. 

 ■•- •*- Corolla-tube not gibbous posteriorly : ovules and seeds indefinitely numerous : calyx 

 deeply 5-parted or of distinct sepals : inflorescence mostly thyrsoidal. 



3. Scrophularta. Corolla short : the tube ventricose and globular or oblong: lobes 5, 



unequal, 4 erect and the fifth reflexed or spreading. Sterile stamen represented by a 

 scale on the upper side of the corolla : anthers transverse and confidently 1-celled. 



4. Pentstemon. Corolla from ventricose eampanulate to elongated-tubular ; the limb 



either obscurely or strongly bilabiate. Sterile stamen represented by a conspicuous 

 and elongated filament : anther-cells either united or confluent at apex, 

 t- -t- ■•- Corolla-tube not gibbous: ovules and seeds rather numerous: calyx not deep!? 

 cleft : inflorescence simply spioate. 



5. Chionophila. Calyx funnelform. Corolla tubular, with slightly dilated throat and 



bilabiate limb ; upper lip erect, barely 2-lobed, the sides somewhat recurved ; lower 



