272 SCROPHULARIACE.E. (FIGWORT FAMILY.) 



with convex densely bearded base forming a palate, and 3-lobed. Sterile filament 

 small and short : anther-cells divaricate and confluent. 



* * * Corolla from bilabiate to almost regular, not saccate or otherwise produced at base : 



antheriferous stamens 2 or 4, with no rudiments of the fifth : capsule dehiscent, 

 many-seeded : inflorescence simple ; the pedicels solitary in the axil of bracts or leaves. 

 •*- Calyx prismatic and barely 5-toothed : corolla more or less bilabiate : stamens 4. 



6. M i mul us. Corolla with either elongated or short tube ; upper lip 2-lobed, and the 



lower 3-lobed ; a pair of palatine ridges running down the lower side of the throat. 

 Anthers generally approximate in pairs ; their cells divergent 

 1- ■•- Calyx 5-parted or deeply 4 to 5-lobed : corolla bilabiate : antheriferous stamens 2. 



7. Gratiola. Corolla with cylindraceous tube and lips of nearly equal length ; the upper 



entire or lobed ; the lower 3-cleft. The posterior pair of stamens antheriferous ; the 

 anterior pair sterile rudiments. 

 «-*-+- Calyx and corolla both 5-lobed and nearly regular : stamens 4, nearly equal : no 



sterile filament. 



8. Limosella. Calyx campanulate. Corolla between rotate and campanulate. Anthers 



one-celled by confluence. 



II. Leaves various : lower lip or lateral lobes of the corolla external in the bud. 



* Corolla little if at all bilabiate ; the lobes all plane, the lateral or one of them external : 



stamens 2, exserted : anther-cells contiguous at apex and often confluent : hypogynous 

 disk mostly conspicuous : none parasitic. 



9. Synthyris. Corolla from oblong- to short-campanulate, 4-cleft, more or less irregular, 



occasionally wanting. Sepals 4. Anther-cells parallel or divergent below, not conflu- 

 ent at apex. Capsule emarginate. 



10. Veronica. Corolla (in ours) rotate with very short or hardly any tube ; its lobes 4 



(sometimes 5), one usually smaller. Anther-cells more or less confluent. Capsule 

 compressed, from emarginate to obcordate or 2-lobed. 



* * Corolla little or not at all bilabiate ; the lobes all plane, the anterior one external : 



stamens 4, conspicuously didynamous, shorter than the corolla ; anther-cells distinct to 

 the very apex : most of them partially root parasitic ; the foliage turning black in 

 drying. 



11. Gerardia. Corolla from campanulate to funnelform ; the throat enlarged : limb 



5-parted, and with the 2 posterior lobes olten rather smaller or more united. Calyx 

 campanulate, 5-toothed or 5-cleft. Anthers more or less approximate in pairs. 



* * * Corolla manifestly bilabiate ; the upper lip erect and concave or galeate, entire or 



emarginate, rarely 2-cleft ; the lower 3-cleft, external in the bud : stamens 4 and didy- 

 namous, or rarely 2, ascending under the upper lip ; anther-cells distinct : some of 

 them partially root-parasitic, 

 •i- Anther-cells unequal or dissimilar ; the outer one affixed by its middle ; the other pendu- 

 lous from its upper end, mostly smaller, sometimes sterile or deficient : leaves alternate 

 or only the lowest opposite, 



12. Castilleia. Calyx tubular, laterally flattened, more or less cleft anteriorly or pos- 



teriorly, or both. Corolla tubular, more or less laterally compressed, especially the 

 elongated and conduplicate or carinate-concave and entire upper lip ; lower lip short 

 and small, 3-toothed, 3-carinate or somewhat saccate below the teeth ; the tube usually 

 enclosed in the calyx. Stamens 4, all with 2-celled anthers. 



13. Orthocarpus. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 4-cleft, or cleft anteriorly and posteriorly 



and the divisions 2-cleft or parted. Corolla mostly with slender tube ; upper lip little 

 longer and usually much narrower than the inflated 1 to 3-saccate lower one. Sta- 

 mens 4 : the smaller anther-cell sometimes wanting. 

 14 Cordylanthus. Calyx spathaceous, diphyllous, or by the absence of the anterior 

 division monophyllous. Corolla tubular, with lips commonly of equal length ; the 

 upper as in Orthocarpus; the lower 3-crenulate or entire. Stamens 4, or sometimes 

 the shorter pair wanting: anther-cells either ciliate or minutely bearded at base and 

 apex. Style hooked at tip. 



