CYPERACE^E. (SEDGE FAMILY.; 381 



§ 8. Staminate spikes one or more : pistillate spikes two to several, stout, erect, 

 mostly shortly peduncled, somewhat squarrose or comose in appearance : peri' 

 gynium thick in texture, hairy, more or less spreading, distinctly and stoutly 

 straight-beaked, the teeth short: scales prominent. — Lasiocarp^e, Fries. 

 Stout, mostly tall species, in wet or grassy places. Our species falls 

 under the group Lanuginosa, Carey. 

 30. C. filiformis, L., var. latifolia, Beklr. Stoloniferous : culms 1 to 

 2£ feet high, strong : leaves flat 1 to 2 lines broad, about the length or longer 

 than the culm: staminate spikes 1 to 3, the lower small and aggregated at the 

 base of the terminal one : pistillate spikes 1 to 4, remote, sessile or nearly so, 

 or the lower peduncled, f to 2 inches long, often loosely flowered at the base : 

 bracts leaf like, usually much exceeding the culm, the upper sheathless : peri- 

 gynium ovate or shortly ovoid, abruptly contracted into a very short, erect, 

 divergently and very shortly toothed beak : scales ovate, purple, acute or cus- 

 pidate, shorter or longer than the turgid and densely hairy perigynium. — 

 C. lanuginosa, Michx. C. pellita, Muhl. Throughout, in wet and swampy 

 places. 



Var. sematorhyncha, W. Boott, is a form with purple beaks : scarcely 

 distinct from the last variety. — C. amatorhyncha, Desv. Jordan Valley, 

 Utah (Sereno Watson). 



The species may be expected in Montana. It is distinguished by its filiform 

 and involute leaves. 



§ 9. Staminate spike mostly single : pistillate spikes 2 to 4, short, oblong or globu- 

 lar, sessile or nearly so, erect, compactly flowered ', in our species approximate 

 at the top of the culm and subtended by long and leafy bracts: perigynium 

 smooth, nerved, conspicuously beaked, not prominently toothed. — Spirosta- 

 chy^e, Drejer. Rather slender species. 



31. C. flava, L. Culm slender, 4 to 18 inches high, smooth, longer than 

 the narrow stem leaves : bracts much longer than the culm, leaf-like, very 

 shortly sheathed : staminate spike short, mostly sessile : perigynium shining, 

 yellowish, reflexed at maturity, twice the length of the scale. — Meadows 

 and wet places, Hudson Bay Creek, Montana ( W. M. Canby), and north- 

 ward. (Eu.) 



§ 10. Staminate spikes two or more, long-stalked : pistillate spikes 2 to several, 

 usually all peduncled, long and heavy, loosely flowered, erect or nodding: peri- 

 gynium large, thick in texture, strongly nerved, hairy or smooth, produced into 

 a long beak which terminates in very conspicuous awl-like erect or spreading 

 teeth. — Echinostachy.e, Drejer. Coarse species. 



32. C. trichocarpa, Muhl., var. aristata, Bailey. Culms very stout, 

 sharply angled : sheaths and under side of the leaves sparsely hairy : stami- 

 nate spikes 3 to 8, usually considerably separated ; the scales very long, loose 

 and pointed : pistillate spikes 2 to 3 inches long, 5 lines or more broad, 

 upright, scattered, loosely flowered at the base : perigynium very strongly 

 nerved, smooth, ovate-lanceolate, terminated by very conspicuous divaricate, 

 smooth and slender teeth (which are l£ to 2 lines long), usually longer than 

 the rough-awned scale. — C. aristata, R. Br. C. mirata, Dew. Bogs and 

 creeks, Utah ( Watson, L. F. Ward) ; to British America. 



