THE FLOWER. 



47 



the pink (Fig. 72), with long, slender claws inserted into a 

 tubular calyx, are called caryopliyllous (Fig. 73) ; with four 

 petals at right angles, cruciform, mustard. Papilionaceous 

 corollas have five petals (Fig. 74), the upper one erect and 



Fia. 72. 



Fig. 73. 



Fig. 74. 



more dilated than the others, the two lateral at right angles 



with the upper, and parallel with the other. We call 



the exterior petal the banner, or vexillum, 



and taken apart it looks thus (Fig. 75); 



the two half exterior are wings, or alee 



(Fig. 76) ; the two lower are the keel, or 



carina (Fig. 77). These are frequently 



united (pea clover). yiq. 75. 



Fig. 7G. 



Fig. 



106. Various flowers are furnished with different append- 

 ages, differing from the other organs, though situated 

 among them. Their uses have never been discovered, 

 though ancient botanists supposed their peculiar functions 

 to be the secretion of honey, and hence styled them necta- 

 ries. But subsequent investigation has proved this to bo 

 untrue, as they rarely if ever exhibit any such product. 



lOG. What are varions flowers furnished with ? Are their functions known ? 

 What did ancient botanists think ? Is this true ? Mention flowers that have no 

 appendages. Mention the various forms of nectaries. 



