THE FKUIT. 65 



158. All young plants are supplied with this albumen 

 either around the embryo or in the fleshy leaves of the 

 cotyledons. When around the embryo, we say the seed is 

 albuminous ; when not there, that the seed is exalbuminous. 

 We learned something about seed leaves in our talk about 

 the stem, and you were told that endogenous plants had 

 one cotyledon, exogenous two. 



159. Now, when observing the embryo of these different 

 classes, we find they are divided into plants having no 

 seed leaves, and are therefore termed acotyledonous ; those 

 having one, monocotyledonous ; those having two, dicotyle- 

 donous. 



160. The acotyledonous are seen in ferns and mosses; 

 monocotyledonous in grasses, yucca, sarsaparilla, pine, 

 spruce, etc. ; dicotyledonous, oak, orange, beans, peas, etc. ; 

 polycotyledonous, pine, spruce, arbor vitae, etc. 



161. Seeds, like stems and leaves, are sometimes furnished 

 with appendages that constitute very marked character- 

 istics, and should always receive our careful attention in 

 observing them for classification. Some seeds are inclosed in 

 a thin, dry, indehiscent covering; and these, to distinguish 

 them from other forms of indehiscent pericarps, are called 

 aclienium (plural, achenia). The achenia are more fre- 

 quently furnished with these appendages. Sunflower, 

 lettuce, maple, elm, blue milkweed, are all achenia. In 

 the clematis we find this organ adorned with a soft fringe- 

 like plume. The dandelion has 2^ pappus, or feather crown, 

 connected to the achenium containing the seed by a stipe. 

 This is also called an aigret. 



162. When the aigret springs from the seed or achenium 



1 58. What are all young plants supplied with ? Where ? 



159. How are embryos divided ? 



1 60. What is an acotylcdon ? Monocotyledon ? Dicotyledon ? 



161. Are seeds ever furnished with appendages? Clematis? Dandelion? 

 What is a pappus ? 



162. When the aigret springs from the seed without a style or stem, what is it 

 said to be ? When the hairs are not branched ? "WheQ hairs are branched, that 

 is, other hairs arranged on the primaries, what do we call it ? 



