106' FAMILIAR LESSONS i:S BOTANY. 



Thus we see the yegetable kiugdom is divided into two 

 sub-kingdoms : 



1st. Phenogamia are distinguished by peculiarities: 



a. Consists of regular axis of growth and with leaves. 



b. They have a woody and spiro-vascular construction. 



c. They have stamens and pistils. 



d. Tliey produce seeds containing an embryo. 

 . 2d. The cryptogamia : 



a. Are destitute of regular axis and true leaves. 



b. They are of vascular structure. 



c. Their flowers are invisible to the naked eye. 



d. They produce spores instead of seed. 



The phenogamia are divided into two great classes^ 

 whose characteristics are distinct and palpable • 

 Exogens (outside growers) or dicotyledons: 



a. Growing by layers external to the wood, internal to 



the bark. 



b. Leaves net-veined. 



c. Flowers, 4- or 5-parted, rarely 3. 



d. Seeds with two cotyledons. 



e. The radicle producing an axial root. 



Endogens (inside growers) or monocotyledonous plants: 



a. Growing by internal bundles of cellular and woody 

 - - tissue. 



b. Pistils complete, inclosing the ovules. 



c. Seeds inclosed in a pericarp. 



d. Embryo with one cotyledon. 



The third division is into sub-classes. The exogens form 

 two : 



AxGiosPERM (seed covered) : 



a. Flowei's generally perfect and complete. 



b. Pistils complete, inclosing the ovules. 



c. Seeds in a pericarp. 



d. Embryo with two cotyledons. 

 . Gymxosperms (seed naked) : 



a. Flowers imperfect and incomplete. 



