APETALOUS EXOGENOUS PLANTS. 517 



scaly ; leaves from a long sheath, slender, elongated ; cones 

 large, solitary, oblong-conical, with the scales armed with 

 a short and rigid straight spine. Light and mostly damp 

 soil. — Commonly a lofty tree, with very thick and furrowed 

 bark, and valuable but sparingly resinous wood, but in 

 old fields low, with spreading branches ; leaves G'-IO' long, 

 rarely 2 or 4 in a sheath, dark green ; cones 3-5' long. 



P. AUSTRALis, Michx. {Long-leaved or Yellow Pine.) 

 Leaves very long, from long sheaths, crowded at the sum- 

 mit of the thick and very scaly branches; coiies large, cy- 

 lindrical or conical-oblong, the tliick scales armed with a 

 short recurved spine. (P. palustris, L., the prior but inap- 

 propriate name.) Sandy soil, constituting almost the en- 

 tire growth of the Pine Barrens. — A lofty tree, with thin- 

 scaled bark, and very valuable resinous wood, dividing near 

 the summit into few spreading brandies; leaves 10-15' 

 long; leaf-bracts scarious, fimbriate ; cones 6-10' long. 



JUNIPERUS, L. Juniper. 



Floivers mostly dicecions ; aments lateral and terminal, 

 small, few-flowered ; stamens several ; anther-GQ\\?> 3-6, in- 

 serted beneath the peltate scale, opening lengthwise ; car- 

 pellary scales 3-6, 1-3-ovuled, partly united, fleshy, and 

 forming in fruit a berry-like drupe containing 1-3 erect 

 bony seeds ; cotyledons 2, oblong. — Trees, with subulate or 

 scale-like persistent leaves. 



J. ViRGiNiANA, L. {Red Cedar.) Branches terete; 

 leaves opposite or by threes, minute, rhombic-ovate, closely 

 imbricated, depressed on the back, those on young shoots 

 subulate and spreading ; drupes small, blue, 1-2-seeded. 

 Dry, rocky, or even wet soil. March. — A small tree, with 

 reddish, fine-grained, durable, and odorous wood, and 

 spreading branches; leaves dark green. 



