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BULLETIN UNITED STATE8 <;!•:<> LOGICAL SURVEY. Wol.vi. 



and U species. This relatire preponderance nia> also be expressed by the diagrams, 



jii which the smaller Inclosed rectangles, drawn on the same scale, represent the con- 

 iferous port ions of t hese forests. 



Indeed, the Pacific idicsi is made np of conifers, with con-coniferous trees as occa- 

 sional undergrowth or as scattered individuals, and conspicuous only in valleys or iu 

 the parse tree-growth of plains, on which the oaks at most reproduce the features Of 

 the "oak openings" ken- and there bordering the Mississippi prairie region. Perhaps 

 the most striking contrast between the Wesl and the Bast, along the latitude usually 

 traversed, is that between tin- spiry evergreens which the traveller leaves when ho 

 quits California, and the familiar woods of various-hued round-headed trees which 

 give him the feeling of home when he reaches the Mississippi. The Atlantic forest is 

 particularly rich in these, and is not meagre in coniferous trees. All the glory of the 

 Pacific forest is in its coniferous trees. Its desperate poverty iu other trees appears in 

 the annexed diagram. 



1. Atlantic American forest. 



2. Pacific American forest. 



3. Japan-Manchurian forest. 



4. European forest. 



These diagrams are made more instructive, and the relative richness of the forests 

 round the world in our latitude is most simply exhibited, by adding two or three simi- 

 lar ones. Two will serve, one for Europe, the other for Northeast Asia. A third 

 would be the Hiinalay-Altaian region, geographically intermediate between the other 

 two as the Arizona- Rocky Mountain district is between our eastern and western. 

 Both are here left out of view, partly for the same, partly for Special reasons pertaining 

 to each, which I must not stop to explain. These four marked specimens will simply 

 and clearly exhibit the general facts. 



Keeping as nearly as possible to the same scale, we may count the indigenous forest 

 trees Of all Europe at "'"> genera and 86 species, and those of the .Japan-Manehurian 

 legion, <>f very much smaller geographical area, at (>(> genera and 168 species. I hero 

 include in it only .lapan. Eastern Manchuria, and the adjacent borders of China. The 

 known species of trees m nst he i at hef roughly determined, l»ut the numbers here given 

 BN not exaggerated, and are much more likely to be sensibly increased by further 

 knowledge than are those of any of the other species. Properly to estimate the sur- 

 passing richness of tins Japan-Manchurian forest, the comparative smallness of geo- 

 graphical area must come in as an important consideration. 



