ORNAMENTAL PLANTS. 157 



2. Shaded bogs. — The fringed gentian and greater lobelia 

 are well adapted to seepy banks. 



3. Open bogs and wet meadows. — For larger bogs the cat- 

 tail and Iris are satisfactory, while for smaller boggy places 

 the oak-leaved fern (Onoclea), shield-fern (Nephroditvm 

 thelypteris), Canada lily, the fringed orchis (Blephariglottis) 

 and marsh marigold (Caltlia) are very desirable. 



4. Open prairie, etc. — The following more or less showy 

 species are adapted to open places: red lily (Vagnera stellata), 

 pasque-flower (Pulsatilla), shooting star (Dodecatheon), downy 

 gentian (G. puberula), prairie phlox, horse mint (Monarda), 

 both blazing stars (Lacinaria), prairie violet (Viola pedatifida) , 

 foxglove beard-tongue (Pent stem on), bushy goldenrod 

 (Euthamia), the wild asters (A. novae-angliae, laevis and exi- 

 guus) and the two prairie clovers (Kuhnistera) . On dry ridges 

 the early buttercup (Ranunculus fascicularis) will be attractive 

 because of its early flowering. In open sandy places the coryda- 

 lis (Capnoides), blue-eyed grass (Sisyrinchium) and bird-foot 

 violet (Viola pedata) will do well. 



5. Moderate shade. — This naturally grades into both the 

 preceding and the following groups, and therefore is not sharply 

 defined. Its most satisfactory plants are the following: the 

 ostrich fern (Struthiopteris), smooth Solomon's seal 

 (Salomonia), starry campion (Silene), hepatica, rue-anemone 

 (Syndesmon), white virgin's bower (Clematis), hydrangea, 

 common blue violet (Viola papilionacea) , spiked willow-herb 

 (Chamaenerion) , wild phlox (P. divaricata), lungwort 

 (Mertensia), the goldenrods (Solidago speciosa and serotina) 

 and Aster shortii. 



6. Deep shade. — Plants of this group are best cultivated in 

 places suited to our ordinary ferns. Our flora includes the fol- 

 lowing: the lady fern (Athyriinn). the shield ferns (Nephro- 

 dium), bladder fern (Cystopteris fragilis), maiden-hair fern 

 (Adiantum), flowering fern (Osmunda) moonwort (Botry- 

 chium), bellwort (Uvularia), dogtooth violet (Erythronium), 

 false Solomon's seal (Vagnera racemosa), the larger species of 

 Trillium, the ladies '-slippers (Cypripedium) , spring beauty 

 (Claytonia), false rue-anemone (Isopyrum), crane's-bill 

 (Geranium) , yellow violet (Viola pubescens) , the gentians (G. 



