OF NEW-YORK. 51 



(Wild Ipecac)! These species all furnish an acrid milky juice ; all are 

 emetic and cathartic, but too active for general use. In small doses, 

 they are expectorant and diaphoretic. They cause much nausea and 

 distress as emetics, and are apt to irritate and inflame the stomach. 

 Given in infusion, decoction or powder of the root. — (See Wood & 

 Bache.) Seven species are found in the State. 



JuglandacejE, Be Cand. — (The Walnut Trek.) 



Juglans Nigra, Linn., (Black Walnut). Bark is acrid and styp- 

 tic, used chiefly for making ink. The rind of the unripe fruit is used 

 to cure ringworm and tetter ; decoction as a vermifuge. 



J. Cinerea, Linn., (Butternut). The inner bark is a mild and 

 pleasant , cathartic, suited to cases of habitual constipation; recom- 

 mended in dysentery. Barton thinks it anodyne. In decoction or 

 extract the sap affords a laxative sugar. The fruit is used for pickles. 

 The different species of Carya, Hickory, of which we have four, are 

 worthy of notice, as their bark is astringent and possesses antispasmo- 

 dic properties. 



Cupulifer.«:, Richard. — (The Nut Tribe.) 



Corylus* Americana, Walt., (American Hazlenut). C. Rostrata. 

 Ait., (Beaked Hazlenut). The nut of the latter is of an ovate shape, 

 surrounded by a coriaceous involucre, which is round ; short and thick 

 bristles, very similar to those of the Cowhage. Dr. Heubener, of 

 Bethlehem, Pa., states that these possess similar anthelmintic virtues 

 with the Cowhage, and equal to it in all respects. Given in molasses 

 or syrup. 



QuERCusf Tinctoria, Rubra, Palustris, (Pin Oak). Ilicifolia, 

 (Bear Oak, Scrub Oak). Q. Coccinea, (Scarlet Oak). Alba, (White 

 Oak). Bicolor, (Swamp White Oak). Montana, (Rock Chesnut 

 Oak). Prinoides, (Chinquapin Oak), &c- These species, and sev- 

 eral others we have not named, (15 in all,) are marked by astringencv 

 due to tannin and gallic acid, and have all been employed medici- 

 nally. They are all, however, of more use in the arts than in medicine. 

 The Alba, (White Oak,) is, perhaps, the most valuable as an internal as- 

 tringent, and has been used advantageously in hemorrhages, diarrhoea, 

 leucorrhea, gonorrhoea, prolapsus ani, in relaxation of the fauces, and ul- 

 cerated throat. Externally, to flabby ulcers, and as a poultice in gan- 



* From the Greek korys, a helmet or cap, in allusion to the shape of the invo- 

 lucre. 



t From the Celtic quer, beautiful, and cuez, a tree. 



