FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF INDIANA. 709 



The wood is light and soft, not strong, but durable in contact 

 with the soil ; it checks and warps badly in drying. CommoDly 

 used in cabinet-making, fencing, posts and railway ties. Its chief 

 value, perhaps, lies in its fruit. Cultivated quite largely in lawns 

 and parks. 



Flowers in June and July ; fruit ripens in September and October. 



Decatur (Ballard); Clark, Floyd, Harrison, Posey, Crawford, 

 Gibson, and Knox. 



C. pumila (L.) Mill. Chinquapin. 



In the southwestern part of the State, usually in dry soil. Not of 

 especial abundance. A shrub or small tree. I have seen no speci- 

 mens, but material was determined by Professor Sargent, and also 

 by Dr. Robert Ridgway. 



Flowers in June ; fruit ripens in September. 



Knox and Gibson counties; ''Valley of lower Wabash River, 

 Indiana" (Sargent). 



QUERCUS L. 

 Q. rubra L. Red Oak. 



Well distributed through the timbered regions of the State, 

 though reported as not common in the central eastern counties. A 

 large tree ranging in height from 80 to 100 feet, with a trunk 

 diameter of from three to seven feet; exceptionally larger. 



The wood is coarse-grained, hard and strong. Used extensively 

 for clapboards, cooperage, in the manufacture of cheap grades of 

 furniture, and for inside finish. 



Flowers in May and June ; acorns ripe in September and October. 



As its range practically covers the State, specific stations are 

 omitted. 



Q. palustris Du Roi. Swamp Oak. Pin Oak. 



Well distributed especially in the southern counties of the State, 

 becoming less frequent toward the north. Usually found along the 

 borders of streams or in swamps in rich soil. A tree in our area of 

 from 80 to 100 feet in height and of a diameter ranging from three 

 to five feet. 



The wood is coarse grained, hard and very strong and is some- 

 what used for shingles, clapboards and in cooperage. 



Flowers in May and June ; acorns ripen in September and Oc- 

 tober. 



Range general, limited as indicated above. According to Rev. E. 

 J. Hill the northern limit of the species is the southern shore of 

 Lake Michigan. (Bot. Gaz., Vol. 26, pp. 53-57.) 



