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all). The hills and savannas have considerable color from her- 

 baceous plants, but the deeper woods get most of their spring 

 charm from the woody plants, as kalmia, yellow jessamine, dog- 

 wood, and azalea. 



The Flatwoods. 



A transition from the well-drained forest to the more pro- 

 nounced flatwoods may be noticed in the pine grove to the north 

 of Home Avenue, in front of the Upper Farm Place. Here for 

 the first time we find a considerable amount of the short-leaf pine 

 (Pinu8 echinata), and with it are associated long-leaf pine and 

 old-field pine. Among these I was surprised to find a large 

 tree of pond pine which is here in as dry a situation as I know 

 of for the species (see Pond Pine under Hartsville trees). This 

 is the only bit of level ground I have seen where these four 

 coastal plain pines are to be found within a few yards of each 

 other. Below the pines is a rather complete covering of shrubs 

 and small trees. In addition to black oak and Spanish oak there 

 is water oak (Quercus nigra), willow oak (Q. Phellos) and some 

 black jack (Q. marylandica) . One of the most conspicuous things 

 about the grove is the large number of young holly (Ilex opaca) 

 trees which are more abundant here than in any place I know of 

 near Hartsville. The other trees are dogwood, white hickory, 

 sassafras, choke cherry and persimmon. The shrubs are sparkle- 

 berry (Y actinium arboreum), which is in great abundance, Caro- 

 lina holly (Ilex caroliniana) , red haw (Crateaegus uniflora), and 

 another species of Crataegus not yet determined. The perennial 

 and almost shrubby little calamint (Clinopodium carolinianum) 

 is abundant. Yellow jessamine, bullace grape and summer grape 

 are the only vines. 



The re-seeding of the three species of pine in this grove is a 

 point of considerable interest. There is abundant reproduction 

 of the short-leaf pine, less of the old-field pine and a little of 

 the long-leaf pine. Most of the young growth is in the more open 

 places, but even in quite shady spots among the shrubs there are 

 a large number of slender, delicate and struggling little short- 

 leaf pine plants that grow about three inches a year and when 

 ten years old are often not thicker than a lead pencil. Among 

 the young long-leaf pines that were scattered here and there 

 were some that were withstanding a shade so dense as to seem 

 quite prohibitive to such sun-loving plants. One of these young 



