i8 



valis) are quite plentiful in these woods, as they are in most 

 places that are not too wet. Wild "honeysuckle" (Azalea nudi- 

 flora) is also found here but is more at home in the flatwoods. As 

 the foot of the hill is reached and the soil becomes more moist the 

 appearance of holly (Ilex opaca), yellow jessamine (Gelsemium 

 sempervirens) horse sugar (Symplocus tinctoria), etc., indicates 

 the transition zone to bay-margin conditions. 



Beginning a little way above Captain Cannon's Place the 

 swamp margin is bordered on the south side by more or less 

 abrupt bluffs which may reach the entire height of the valley, as 

 at the old Bacot Place. The vegetation of these bluffs represents 

 the most northern element of our flora. Here is Mountain laurel 

 (Kalmia latifolia) in profusion, and the rare combination may 

 be seen of kalmia trees adorned with luxuriant vines of yellow 

 jessamine. Perhaps the most interesting plant of these bluffs is 

 coltsfoot (Galax aphylla) which occurs in plenty in several 

 places, and reaches here its seaward limit so far as I can ascer- 

 tain. Spotted wintergreen (Chimaphila maculata), heartleaf 

 (Asarum arifolium), partridge berry (Mitchella repens), arbutus 

 (Epigaea repcns), snake root (Aristolochia serpentaria) , calamint 

 (C lino podium carolinianum) , witch hazel (Hamamelis virgin- 

 iana), and sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum) are attractive 

 plants that occur here at their best. At two or three places along 

 these bluffs, as at Laurel Land and below the paper mill, the 

 remarkable little trailing huckleberry (Vaccinium crassifolium), 

 with firm, oval, evergreen leaves is found. 



In Plate VII is shown the vegetation of these bluffs as it 

 appears at Laurel Land. Mountain Laurel (Kalmia latifolia) 

 is in the foreground, holly (Ilex opaca) and white oak (Quercus 

 alba) in the background. 



At the top of the high bluff behind the Bacot Place there are a 

 few escaped trees of mock orange (Prunus caroliniana) and 

 China tree (Melia Azedarach). As in the case of the peach, 

 such occasional escapes as this do not entitle these trees to a place 

 among the naturalized flora of the section. 



To one accustomed to more northern conditions the most 

 striking peculiarity of our rich woods is the almost entire absence 

 of the conspicuous early spring flowers that show their attractive 

 colors before the sun is cut off from them by the leafing of the 

 trees. We have no anemones, hepaticas, bloodroot, giant chick- 

 weed, spring beauty, or dogtooth violets (which are not violets at 



