BOUGHS AND BRANCHES. 69 
pegging down, as represented in Fig. 81, until it has thrown out 
roots. These roots being developed, it contains within itself all 
the elements of life. The branch may be separated from the stem, 
from which it no longer requires support. This process is known 
as grafting by inclination. But every branch which it is desired 
to layer may neither be within reach of the soil nor sufficiently 
flexible to bend to the extent requisite. In such cases the soil 
must be'raised to the branch. To effect this, vases or flower-pots 
