GYMNOGENOUS PLANTS. 327 
soil, thus completing the end of their existence, namely, the 
propagation of their species. 
at 
Fig. 370.— Male Flower of Pinus Fig. 372.—Fruit of the Fig. 
sylvestris. Pine: 
vio arena. 
The Pivacem or Conifers are resinous, mostly evergreen and 
hard-leaved trees or shrubs, all but universally diffused over the © 
globe. Gigantic in size, rapid in growth, noble in aspect, and 
robust in constitution, these trees form a considevable portion of 
the woods and plantations in cultivated countries, as well as of 
Primeval forests in all temperate countries. In Europe, Siberia, 
China, and North America the species are abundant; the timber _ 
: trees being exceedingly valuable in commerce, in which Deal, Fir, — 
, Pine, and Cedar are well-known products, while their resins yield 
Oil of turpentine, Canadian balsam, Burgundy pitch, all equally 
Well known. The common Larch yields Venetian turpentine ; 
diquid storax is produced from a species of Pine, spruce beer is 
_ Made from branches of the Hemlock spruce, and Sayin: a well- 
_ Mi@wn irritant io made fromthe Juniper. co ee 
he Among the double-leaved Pines worthy of consideration, we ae 
_ ™@y mention the Pinus sylvestris represented in Plate VII.—this _ 
the Scotch Pine of erect and upright trunk, , twoshort glaucous 
