328 THE VEGETABLE WORLD. 
leaves, the most hardy and valuable of all the Pines; the Mari- 
time Pine; the Corsican Pine (P. /arcico), a noble tree spread over 
the mountains of Corsica, Greece, and Turkey, celebrated for its 
rapid growth, and excellent timber. The Pines or Conifers are 
usually divided into three sub-orders. I. ABreTiNEx®, comprehend- 
ing the Firs, Pines, Spruce and Larch tribes, all of which bear 
cones with one or two inverted ovules at the base of each scale of 
the cone; pollen oval, and curved. II. Cupressmnm, or Cypress 
tribe, bearing an indurated globular cone called a gabbulus, with 
connected scaly ovules, erect, and spheroidal pollen, including the 
Cypresses and Junipers. III. Taxinem, or Yew tribe, of which 
Dr. Lindley forms an order (his seventy-fifth). The Taxines bear 
for fruit a species of drupe, with solitary oval in the centre. 
In the first of these divisions the Firs differ from the Pines 
their cones, which are furnished with thinish scales slightly 
rounded at the apex, and without the club-like shape, and in their ; 
scattered distichous leaves; such is Abies pectinata, the Silver Fir, 
from which Strasburg turpentine is extracted; while Burgundy 
pitch and oil of turpentine are obtained by incision from Pinus 
sylvestris, which is also a valuable timber for building purpose 
The Larches (Larix) again differ from the Firs in this: their leaves 
spring from a bundle of scaly buds, and become at once sc 
or solitary in consequence of the lengthening of the leaves; the 
imbrication of the scales of the cone is very loose ; the leaves of the 
Larch are persistent and evergreen during winter. In the male 
flowers of the Larch, as well as the Cedars and Spruces, each anther a 
is formed of converted scales analogous to the indurated capi! 
_ Seale of the females, and therefore each catkin consists of a 
_ number of naked male flowers collected about a common @X18-— 
_ The Larch of Europe attains a height of from ninety a 
hundred feet; the wood is of a reddish colour, its tissues low oe 
and considerably harder than that of the Fir-trees, and @ bas 
pure turpentine, which is used in arts and medicine, oozes out from 
incisions made in its bark. oo 
The Currussty.x, the type of which the Cedars may be considered, 
are distinguished from the Larches by their leaves being PS" 
during several years after the elongation of the bud, and by at oe 
scales of the cone being more closely imbricated. The Cedars - 
