QUERNALS. 349 
expands into a hollow pitcher-like organ, p. The lid of the 
pitcher is the lamina of the leaf, which is articulated with . 
the pitcher. The pitcher is supposed to be formed by the two 
margins of a flattened petiole, technically a phyllode. ‘The 
petiole,’ says Mr. Dresser, “leaves the stem in the form of a 
flattened leaf, which, after expanding laterally, again contracts, 
and is continued in the form of a long tendril-like organ, the 
summit of which becomes hollowed and dilated, and thus forms 
the body of the pitcher upon the extremity of which the lamina 
appears as the lid of the vegetable jug.” 
QUERNALS. 
A sub-division of diclinous Exogens, which comprehends the 
Oak, the Beech, the Walnut-trees, and some others of the tem- 
perate zone. Their unisexual flowers are aments, or catkins, with 
monochlamydous envelope, an inferior fruit, with Almond-shaped 
embryo without albumen. 
f ir apetalous entary 
calyx, fruit enclosed in a husk or cup, and nut containing one cell and XCV. Corylacez. 
The the Oaks, the Haze’ ; 
_ the Chestnuts, the Lithocarpus or Stone Oak of Java, among others 
ie Fi ocera, said to exceed Araucaria in size. 
Oak-like Exogens, having a one-celled ovary and one solitary erect } 
ovule, are trees with a watery orresinous juice ; th hiefly American, | 
a few India: e,is a | XCVI. Juglandacez. 
Dative ofBPersa, Tne Seinen (ave ok kmsctionprotuces an che 
t and valuable timber. The Engelhartdias are very numerous. 
The Hazen (Corylus avellana) is a monecious shrub, of about 
twelve feet high. It is common in woods, thickets and copses, and is 
often planted in belts near hedges, or other fences. The branches 
are erect, slender, and flexible, with simple alternate leaves, 
doubly dentated, sometimes superficially lobed, accompanied by 
two caducous stipules. The male flowers are disposed in pendent 
catkins of from one to three, disposed at the extremity of the 
branches, or upon the short lateral shoots. These catkins begin 
to green towards the end of autumn, before the fall of the 
leaf, and they flourish to the end of winter, when the development 
of the new leaves takes place. The male flowers, contained be- 
tween two little scales, have five stamens, with unilocular anthers 
pening from without. The female flowers are composed of a 
