QUERNALS. 359 
The JugLanpacE®, whose prevailing qualities are acridity and 
aroma, includes the common Walnut (Juglans regia). (Plate XIII.) 
t is a large tree, with whitish bark, more or less fissured 
according to its age. It has a cylindrical stem, rising to a 
considerable height without branches; the branches are large 
and spreading, forming an ample and rotund head. The leaves 
are of a dull greenish colour. The Walnut is indigenous to the 
Caucasus, Persia, and India. This tree only prospers and is 
abundantly fruitful when it is completely isolated. The leaves 
are alternate, smooth, and coriaceous; they are composed of 
seven or eight acutely ovoid leaflets, superficially sinuate, and 
are monecious. The flowers, 
male and female, are disposed 
in catkins; but in the female 
catkins the flowers are less nu- 
merous. The male catkins have 
loosely imbricated scales, are 
pendent, cylindrical, very cadu- 
cous, and placed at the axil of the 
leaves which have fallen the pre- 
ceding year. At the axil of each 
scale a flower may be observed, composed of a 
perianth with six divisions, and a variable 
number of stamens ranging from eighteen to 
thirty-six, the anthers of which are two-celled, 
opening from without by two longitudinal 
clefts. ‘The female flowers are in clusters of 
drooping catkins, of from one to four, born 
on the summit of a young shoot produced the 
same year, presenting a very short, scarcely 
dentate, exterior envelope, and an interior en- 
velope with four divisions. A short style rises 
from the centre of the flower, which soon divides 
Fie. 867.—Cetkin of the itself into two stigmatic scaly glands, having an 
Walnut (Juglans regia). inferior unilocular one-celled ovary, and one 
_ rect ovule. It is subdivided by spinous dissepiments or parti- 
tions, starting from the placenta, into four cells imperfect at the 
smmnit and the base, and into two others imperfect in all its 
. 
