VIOLALS. 
Hypocynous ExoGeEns. 
367 
The insertion of the stamens below the ovary in plants has been 
considered of systematic importance by many 
French botanists, 
which has led Dr. Lindley to establish this Sub-Class. They are 
distinguished by the total absence of floral envelopes, and among 
them the presence of petals seems to be of little moment. Flowers 
bisexual, unisexual, separate or on the same plant; stamens 
entirely free from the calyx or corolla. 
VIOLALS. 
Hypogynous exogens, with monodichlamydeous flowers, parietal 
_ OF sutural eee embryo straight, with little or no albumen. 
pe Shrubs or small trees, with alternate siraple leaves or short stalks, non: 
a pulate, ss pind caine leathery, and mar! nt 
apetalous or polypetalous flowers; hypogynous petals and 
; twice as many, or some multiple of the stamens. Almost all the 
Pi order are natives of the hotter parts of the East and West Indies and 
ae r three of the Cape, and two of New Zealand, They are 
generally useful plants, yielding wholesome fruits, and some are, as the 
Seeds of Bexa Orellana, which yields arnatto dye, ‘useful to commerce. 
flow ogens, consisting of small trees or shrubs, with apetalous polygamous 
s, thane sea in clustered axillary catkins and unilateral stamens; 
g, its peculiar character being the presence of a distinct 
peeynon es or pete ——. = scattered apetalous cn —* psig 
ns — 
and linear 
tan 4 Petals ‘are ay unknoee the > onder: but De e Candole poi ay a 
layer which — bag ht: inner surface of th nae analogous 
4 corolla, Many of are possessed of medicinal 
ee or shru 
neted to exogens, with polypetalous or sigulains 
eon  Derigynous — tals, dg inserted in par 
enveloped a ‘. = cdtuer etee styles, arillated seed om is, the weed is 
Alternat cellular wth, which covers the foramen ; leaves 
othing tr sites. of Columbus with more surpris 
companions umbus wi tf) 
te tar y beautiful Basaion-fower, as the scant the plant when 
tree in st sa it in the South erican climbing from tree 
the splendour of peices flower. 
a exogens, with polypetalous coroneted 
terminal and solitary blue or yellow, alternate non- 
leaves, lobed stamens ee in the gore of the e@ ovary, simple 
without aril. and Peru, 
: us trees, with two three- te testes, a many-leafed calyx, 
Petigynous tals and « , " coe ene-celie , witha. cw 
— SoMVveX connec : @ pod- opens umerous ; embryo 
are Pong albumen ; SE pier lons gg The species known 
) 
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CX. Faltiaces, 
CXI. Lacestemacee. 
CXIl. Samydacez. 
CXIV. Malesherbiacee. 
OXV. Moringacex. 
