486 THE VEGETABLE WORLD. 
and pistilled ; or they may also be of two kinds—the exterior 
neuter or female, the interior hermaphrodite or male. The calyx 
of these flowers may be of various shapes. Sometimes it is so 
reduced that it seems as if there were none; in other times it 
forms a sort of cup or a crown; sometimes it develops into an 
awn, with teeth and scales. It even degenerates into a kind of 
silky tuft, which forms an egret. The corolla is either regular 
or irregular. In the former case it is tubulous, and its limbs 
generally are five-lobed. In the latter the limbs appear split in its 
_ greatest extent, and warped on the outside, like a tongue ; dentate 
at the summit, from whence it separates into two lips. The 
tubular corolla is called the floret; the tongue-like corolla semi- 
floret. The stamens are inserted upon the tube of the corolla, 
and alternate with its divisions. The filaments are generally free, 
but the anthers are attached at their edges by means of a tube 
which sheathes the style. They are two-celled, opening from 
within. The pistil is composed of an unilocular ovary, containing 
a single, straight, anatropal ovule; it is surmounted by a very 
slight style, which is divided into two branches, both in the 
hermaphrodite and female flowers, but it is undivided in the 
male. The branches of the style are furnished with stigmatic 
papille, hair-like collectors. Before expansion the style is shorter 
than the stamens; but at the time of fecundation it increases 
rapidly, and rises into the hollow cylinder formed by the anthers. 
As they rise, the hairy collectors sweep off the pollen which the 
gaping anthers contain, and soon appear charged with its precious 
dust. It is observed that the female flowers are destitute of hairy — ; 
collectors; that the male flowers are alike destitute of the stig- 
matic papille and hairy collectors. The fruit is an achene, often 
furnished with a proper egret, to favour its dissemination. The — 
solitary seed encloses a straight embryo without albumen. 
Tournefort separated the Composite into Semjfloscules, namely , 
those where the capitulum is entirely composed of: flowers with 
a ligulate or semifloret corolla; Floscules, those in which the 
capitulum is entirely composed of flowers with tubular corolla, — 
or of florets; and Radiates, those where the capitulum is formed — 
of central tubular flowers and of ligulated peripheric flowers. 
De Candolle, in his “Podromus,” divides the Composite into nee 
