CINCHONALS. 497 
R. grassularia, is spiny, especially i in its natural state ; its flowers 
solitary or gemmate; but varying much in garden varieties, both 
as to the size and colour of its fruit. The second is without spines ; 
its fruit is borne in clusters (Fig. 442), red or white. In the 
third the fruit is in bunches of loose black berries, containing, as 
does its leaf, an aromatic resinous principle. 
CINCHONALS. 
pigynous Bydogens, having the flowers dichlamydeous, in 
which they differ from Asarals ; the corolla monopetalous, in which 
it differs from Cactals, emails and Umbilifers; and a minute 
embryo, in which it differs from Campanals and Myrtals. 
. Small trees and shrubs, with numerous angular branches; leaves 
sem gic dentate, with short foot stalks ; flowers a i aphrodite ; 
regu a erent to t e ovary; corolla e i our, five, or ce 
six lobed, ailernate: with the pte seis of Ibes of the an OCXCT. Vacciniacen. 
on ge ‘double the number of lobes of the c ; ovary inferi 
fruit a berry or drupe. 
Seat shrubs or trees, with opposite t 
minal yellow flowers; calyx superior, five- Eacinihs com rat veh 
parted, apetalous; stamens two, inserted in the throat alternate with 
= ey are nts of the corolla ; anthers sinuous, bursting icapttudinalys 
ovary inferior; fruit c capsular, eh deaecany and many ee seeded. 
CCXCII, Columeliacez. 
pee 
tion, Sires in panicles or corymbs ; aye tubular, adherent ; ; Col relia 
_ etalous, inserted in the “yap of the calyx; stamens four to six, 
rating ew the lobes of the corolla; ovary inferior, two or more 
a drupe or sh 
CCXCIII. Rubiacez. 
celled fru 
Shrubs or Nplate: ometimes climbing plants, with opposite. 
Piaget connate leaves, simple, rarely pinnate, withont stipules; 
flowers in corymbs es or whorled ; calyx gh ooo cmon 
adherent = tesa ova rolla monopetalous ; sta 
four, inserted in the smi = nog tube of the foe wees Say onc 
three to Reectlie’: frui 
Herbaceous plants, with see leaves, without stipules ; angular 
stem; flowers minute; calyx superior, four to. six-lobed; corolla 
monopet alous : stamens epipetaous anthers straigh , bursting longi 
tudinally ; fruit didymous 
The Vaccrntace® or Cranberries are found on mountainous and 
marshy places in temperate regions of the old and new world, 
chiefly in the northern hemisphere; a few, with parasitical habits, 
CCXCIV, Caprifoliacex:. 
CCXCV. Galiacex. 
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are natives of Brazil. The common Bilberry, or Blueberry of the _ 
Moors (Vaccinium myrtillus), is a well-known example. The 
Whortleberry (V. uliginosum), and the common Cranberry (Ozy- 
coccus palustris), are equally well known in many parts of the 
ritish Isles, 
The CoLumELrack® occupy an anomalous position among the 
surrounding orders. Professor Don thought their proper position 
near Jasmines, with which he found they corresponded in the struc- 
ture and xstivation of the corolla, in the bilocular ovary and erect 
K K 
