498 THE VEGETABLE WORLD. 
ovules. Endlicher, acting upon this supposition, has placed them 
among the Symplocacee. The only known species are from 
Mexico and Peru, and their uses still unknown. 
The Rusracem, or CrncHonace®, as Dr. Lindley names the 
order, are almost exclusively natives of the hottest parts of the 
world. Endlicher has divided this important Order into— 
SuB-ORDER I. CiNcHONE., having numerous ovules in the cells; cells of the fruit many-seeded. 
This includes— 
I, The tribe Gardenidee. Trees or shrubs, with 
II. The Encinchoniee. Fruit a two-celled wide flowers aida, collectoit into a head upon the 
receptacle. 
PERS The FHledytidea, sth 7 + ee oo soe + th 11 
Isertiee. Shrubs.or donne fruit drupaceous ; ria to six ‘maang-ecoded bony nuts. 
_ VY. Hamelicee, Fruit amany-celled berry. and the cells many-se 
7 Shrubs, with opposite leaves: broad interpetiolar stipules ; fruit a many-celled berry ; 
VI. Cordier 
cells one-seeded, 
VII. Cerdieree. Shiubs,with opposite leaves; fruit a many-celled berry; cells one-seeded. 
FF i eesti II. Corre, having ovules solitary, rarely two in the cells; cells of the fruit one or two 
VIII. Gnettardee. Shrubs or trees ; fruit a drupe; seeds cylindric 
- IX. Pederiee. Climbing shrubs, with opposite leaves and inte ke stipules; fruit two-celled, 
unopening, hardly fleshy. ~ i ae f : 
X. Psychotriee. Trees and | shrubs, with opposite leaves ; fruit a two-celled berry, aghempre two 
XI. Bhersansiinne Fruit dry or slightly fleshy, usually consisting of tw ded carpe 
I, Anthospermee. ‘Herbs! or under-shrubs, with flowers sometimes dioecious ; corde rotate ; 
sigs two; fruit a one-seeded c Pp nt el. 
XIII. Stellate. Sometimes b-shrubs, but usually herbs ; leaves opposite, with two or three leaf- 
like stipules on the axil on ak ‘side ; flowers he rmaphrodite, rarely unisexual ; corolla funne 1-shaped ; 
lobes soPiacteas styles two, distinct, Is more olin ted. 
XIV. Operculacee. Herbs or shrubs, ‘havi ng opposite leaves ; twin stipules on each side ; fruit one- 
celled and one-seeded, joi ined segvte laterally into a head, an opening by two valves at the apex. 
The greater part of this important family are found between the 
tropics, or in regions upon their borders, where they form a larger 
proportion of the vegetation as compared with any other order. 
The Stellatz are confined to the hilly regions of Chili, Peru, and 
Australia, and the northern regions of both hemispheres—many of 
the madders or Stellate being British. Before noting the more 
remarkable species,—the produce of the tropics,—which are 8° 
essentially useful to man, we shall give, as a type of the order, a 
sketch of the floral structure of a species which is common in our 
own fields. 
The Field Madder (Sherardia arvensis) i8 a small annual with 
flowers of a rose-shaded lilac, nearly sessile, and disposed in 
a dense head. The flowers are hermaphrodite and regular ; the. 
calyx presents six teeth, or lobes; the corolla is monopetalous, : 
hollowed into a funnel shape, and four-lobed. There are nes: 
