JUNCAGINACEAE. 31 



6. PHYLLOSPADIX Hook. 

 Aquatic plants of ocean shores, closely related to the preceding, with elon- 

 gated narrowly-linear radical leaves from much branched creeping rootstocks. 

 Flowers dioecious, borne in 2 rows on the side of a flattened spadix, with a 

 lateral chartaceous appendage covering each flower in the bud, the whole 

 inflorescence enclosed by a spathe which is produced beyond the spadix as a 

 foliaceous prolongation. Anthers sessile. Pistil simple, with 2 stigmas; ovary 

 sagittate-cordate, i. c, with two downwardly-produced horns at base, which 

 in fruit are strongly developed and bear on the inside deflexed bristles serving 

 to attach the floating achenes to other plants on the beaches. (Greek phullon, 

 leaf, and spadix, a kind of inflorescence. Cf. Gibbs, Am. Nat. xxxvi, 101. The 

 pistillate spadices have rudimentary anther-cells. For fire-proofing and dead- 

 ening the plants have been used as a filling between walls in construction.) 



Flowering stems 1 ft. long or more, bearing 2 to 5 pistillate spadices 1. P. torreyi. 



Flowering stems 2 or 3 in. long, bearing 1 pistillate spadix or rarely 2.... 2. P. scouleri. 



1. P. torreyi Wats. Torrey's Eel-grass. Eootstocks brittle; leaves l 1 /? 

 to 2 ft. long, !/> to 1 line broad; pistillate spadices 1 to 1% in. long; staminatc 

 spadices shorter and with shorter peduncles; mature fruit 2y 2 lines long. 



Low tide limits to two fathoms below, San Diego and northward. 



2. P. scouleri Hook. Pacific Eel-grass. Very similar to the preceding 

 but the leaves rather broader, % to 2 lines wide, and more obviously 3-nerved; 

 fruits larger. 



Santa Barbara and northward. 



JUNCAGINACEAE. Arrow-grass Family. 



Marsh or sub-aquatic herbs with basal rush-like or grass-like leaves, and small 

 flowers in racemes or spikes, or solitary. Calyx when present, 4 to 6-parted, 

 its sepals in two series. Stamens in ours 6 or 1. Ovaries 1, or 3 to 6 and 

 united. Embryo straight. 



Flowers perfect, in a raceme; calyx present; stamens 6 1. Triglochin. 



Flowers polygamous, in a spike, also with some solitary; calyx none; stamen 1..2 Lilaea. 



1. TRIGLOCHIN L. 



Perennial by means of short rootstocks. Leaves fleshy with membranous 

 sheaths. Flowers small, in a spike-like bractless raceme raised on a scape. 

 Sepals 6, greenish, deciduous, the three inner inserted higher. Stamens in 

 ours 6; anthers sessile or nearly so. Pistils in ours commonly 6 (rarely 3 to 

 5), their ovaries united around a central axis, splitting when ripe into 1-seeded 

 carpels, which separate from the base upward, and leave a slender persistent 

 axis. Stigmas as many as the ovaries, plumose. Carpels dehiscing by the 

 ventral suture. (Greek tri, three, and glochis, a point, referring to the fruit 

 of the 3-carpeled species.) 



Scapes stout; leaves 2 lines wide or more 1. T. maritime. 



Scapes slender; leaves almost wiry, less than 1 line wide 2. T. concinna. 



1. T. maritima L. Common Arrow-grass. Terminal portion of the root- 

 stock covered with the sheaths of old leaves; scapes stout, 1 ft. long or somewhat 

 more, bearing a raceme 10 to 15 in. long, the whole surpassing the (2 to 3 

 lines wide) leaves; flowers 1 line long, longer than the pedicels, these in fruit 

 conspicuously decurrent; carpels 3-angled, with the dorsal angles winged, 

 making a broad Longitudinally-striate groove on the back, 2% lines long, the 

 stigmas persistent and recurved; seed narrowly linear, 1 line long. 



Marshy shores along the coast. 



