2G TYPTTACEAE. 



bag drupe-like in fruit. Seed with thick, woody outer coat, its inner layer 

 irregularly folded into the white endosperm; embryo minute. (John Torrey, 

 Professor of Botany in Columbia College, long-time a student of western 

 botany, who traveled in California before the days of the Overland Railroad.) 



1. T. calif ornica Torr. California Nutmeg. Handsome tree 15 to 50 ft. 

 high, the trunk % to 3 ft. in diameter; haves rigid, 1*4 to 2 1 /> in. long, \y 2 

 linos wide, flat, dark green above, yellowish green beneath and with two longi- 

 tudinal glaucous grooves, linear or tapering above middle, bristle-tipped, 

 twisted od their short petioles so as to form a 2-ranked flat spray; stamen- 

 clusters whitish, globose, about 3 lines long, crowded on the under side of 

 the brain lies; fruit elliptical, green in color or when ripe streaked with purple, 

 lVs to 1% in. long; flesh thin and resinous; shell of the seed more or less 

 longitudinally grooved; endosperm copious, with irregular incisions filled by 

 the inner coat, giving it a marbled appearance so that in cross-section the seed 

 resembles the true nutmeg of commerce. — (Turn ion calif ornicum Greene.) 



Cool, shady canons: Santa Cruz Alts. ; Marin, Sonoma, Napa, Lake and 

 Mendocino cos.; Sierra Nevada. A forestrally rare tree yet its altitudinal 

 range is considerable; it grows on Papermill Ck. (Marin Co.) near sea-level 

 and on Buck Ck., Middle Pork Kaweah River (southern Sierra Nevada) at 



0000 ft. 



ANGIOSPERMS 



Trees, shrubs or herbs. Sexual reproductive organ called a flower, typically 

 consisting of an abbreviated axis bearing regular circles of calyx and corolla 

 parts, stamens and pistils. Calyx or corolla or both often absent, and stamens 

 and pistils often in different flowers. Ovules always enclosed in a sac 

 (ovary). 



MONOCOTS 



Leaves parallel-veined. Stems with the vascular bundles scattered irregu- 

 larly through them, without central pith or concentric woody layers. Flowers 

 with the parts usually in 3s or 6s, never in 5s. Embryo with one cotyledon. 

 Our species all herbs. 



TYPHACEAE. Cat-tail Family. 



Marsh or aquatic perennial herbs, the solid cylindric jointless stems from 

 creeping rootstocks and bearing long linear alternate Leaves. Flowers monoe- 

 cious, in dense spikes, without perianth. Stamens and ovaries with bristles or 

 minute scales intermixed. Ovary l-ovuled, with a slender style, becoming in 

 fruit a seed-like nut. Embryo straight, embedded in copious endosperm. 



1. TYPHA L. Cattail. 



Stems tall, simple, ending above in a long spike, the pistillate portion below 

 merely contiguous to or quite separated from the staminate portion above. 

 Stamens intermixed with hairs, their filaments connate. Ovaries minute, stipi- 

 tate; stipes bearing bristly hairs which envelope the very small nuts in a 

 copious down. (Ancient Greek name of the Cat-tail.) 



1. T. latifolia L. ("at-twi.. Stout, .".'j to 6 ft. high; leaves very long, 

 sheathing at the basej spike 7 to 13 in. long, the pistillate portion below con- 

 tigUOUS t<> the staminate portion above; pistillate portion dark brown, at length 



1 in. thick; staminate portion yellow, rather thicker when in flower, but soon 

 deciduous. Leaving a bar.' axis. 



