PINE FAMILY. 19 



the trunk in typical trees parting into a cluster of erect branches which form a 

 broom-like top; needles in 3s, drooping, 7 to 13% in. long; cones on stalks 2 to 

 2% in. long, ovate, subglobose when open, G to 10 in. long, 5 to 7 in. thick 

 and only slightly unsymmetrical, when falling breaking through near the base 

 and leaving the basal portion on the limb; tips of the scales strongly developed 

 into triangular hooks projecting downwards, about 1 in. long; seeds hard- 

 shelled, oblong, slightly flattened, 9 to 11 lines long, 4 to 5 lines wide, bearing 

 a short wing 3 to 5 lines long and V> in. broad; cotyledons 11 to 17. 



Arid foothills, forming a very thin stand and usually growing by itself. 

 Sierra Nevada foothills. Coast Kanges, most common towards the interior, rarely 

 reaching the coast: Cloverdale, Healdsburg, Napa Valley, Vaca Mts., Mt. 

 Diablo (a strongly spur-hooked form towards head of Mitchell Canon), Mt. 

 Hamilton and Santa Cruz ranges and southward. Timber inferior, highly resin- 

 ous. On account of its scattered growth, manner of branching, thin, gray 

 foliage and burden of massive cones it gives a singular aspect to the hot 

 country which it favors. 



P. monophylla Torr. One-leaf Pihon. The well-known nut pine of the 

 desert ranges, occurring also in Grand Canon of the Tuolumne, South Kings and 

 Kern. Needle 1 in a place. 



5. P. tuberculata Gord. Kxob-cone Pine. Tree 5 to 30 or 50 ft. high 

 with thin crown and slender trunk; needles in 3s, 3 to 5 in. long; cones strongly 

 deflexed, buff in color, narrowly ovate, oblique, acutely or bluntly pointed and 

 somewhat curved, especially at tip, 3 to 6 in. long; scales moderately thickened 

 at tip, except on the outside towards the base where they are raised into con- 

 spicuous rounded or pointed knobs; umbos small and contracted into slender 

 usually deciduous prickles; seeds brownish black, ovatish, 3 to 4 lines long, the 

 surface minutely roughened ; wings 9 to 12 lines long, 3 to 4 lines broad, broad- 

 est near the middle; cotyledons 5 to 8. — (P. attenuata Lemm.) 



Barren or rocky slopes at medium altitudes, the localities few and widely 

 scattered: Santa Lucia Mts.; Santa Cruz Mts.; Moraga Eidge; Mt. 

 St. Helena, and elsewhere northward to the Siskiyous, eastward to Mt. Shasta 

 and southward in the Sierra Nevada to Mariposa County. The cones persist on 

 the trunk and long slender main branches, many (15 to 25) years, forming 

 circles from near the base to the summit; even young trees are often full of 

 cones. The seeds are seldom liberated except when the cones are partially burned 

 in a forest fire. It is thus very interesting that a burned forest of Knob-cone 

 Pine is promptly resown with its own seed. 



6. P. radiata Don. Monterey Pine. Beautiful symmetrical tree or in age 

 with flattened or broken top. 30 to 70 or 115 ft. high; trunk 1 to 4 ft. in diam- 

 eter, the dark, hard bark roughly fissured; needles in 3s, or a few in 2s, 3 to 6 

 in. long; cones tan or cinnamon color, turned downward, sessile and unequally 

 developed, broadly ovoid and bluntly pointed, or globose when open, 2.y. 2 to 4% 

 in. long; scales on the outer side toward the base conspicuously swollen at tip 

 into a hemispherical tubercle or boss and armed with a prickle which usually 

 weathers off; seeds black, minutely roughened on the surface, 3 lines long, 

 bearing a broadly oblong brown wing 2% to 3 times as long; cotyledons 5 to 7. 

 — (P. insignis Dougl.) 



Sea-coast, only in a few small scattered colonies: Ano Nuevo (about half way 

 between Pescadero and Santa Cruz); Monterey; Cambria, San Luis Obispo 

 County; Santa Kosa, Santa Cruz and Guadalupe islands. Near Ano Nuevo Bay 

 Monterey Pine forms on the coast ridge a narrow belt 5 miles long. Tt is scat- 

 tered over the summit and upper part of the face of the cliffs, wliich rise 400 



