18 riNACEAE. 



Cones not breaking through near base, usually persistent and remaining closed for 

 many years. 

 Foliage thin, pale yellow-green; coirs narrow-ovate, 3 to 6 in. long.. 5. P. tubcrculata. 



Foliage dense, dark green; cones broadly ovoid, 2 l / 2 to 4^4 in. long 6. P. radiata. 



Xir. His m J>; cones broadly ovate, 2 to 3 in. long 7. P. muricata. 



1. P. lambertiana' Dougl. Sugar Pine. Forest tree 60 to 180 ft. high; 

 trunk 2 to 6 ft. in diameter, its brown or reddish bark 2 to 4 in. thick, roughly 

 fissured longitudinally with the surface breaking down into small deciduous 



scales; i Ues in 5s, slender, 2 to 3 l / 2 in - l° n g; cones pendulous, borne on 



stalks at the ends of the branches, commonly in the very summit of the tree, 

 very long-oblong, 13 to 18 in. long, 4 to 6 in. thick when opened; scale-tips 

 thin, with terminal scar-like umbo; seeds 2 to 5 lines long with broad wings twice 

 as long; cotyledons 13 to 16. 



Sierra Nevada, in the main timber belt. Coast Ranges: Siskiyous south- 

 ward to Snow Mt,, Mt. Sanhedrin and Mt. St. Helena; Austin Creek to 

 Buckeye Creek, Sonoma County; Santa Lucia Mts. High ranges of South- 

 ern California. The most splendid of all pines and one of the greatest charms 

 of the Sierras forest. Wood very valuable, white, soft and straight-grained. 



I'. month ui. \ Don. Silver Pine, or "Little Sugar Pine," is found in the 

 Sierra Nevada at somewhat higher elevations than the Sugar Pine. Cones in 

 (dusters of 1 to 7, pendulous, 6 to 8 in. long, 1 to 1^4 in. in diameter when 

 closed ; scales very soft. 



P. albicaulis Engelm. Whitebark Pine is a timber-line tree in the Sierra 

 Nevada. Branchlets very pliable; cones ovoid, small. 



2. P. ponderosa Dougl. Yellow Pine. Forest tree 60 to 225 ft. high, 

 the trunk 2 to 8 ft. in diameter; bark 2 to 4 in. thick, tawny or yellow-brown, 

 divided by fissures into large plates, or sometimes closely fissured; needles in 

 3s, 5 to 10 in. long; cones reddish brown, commonly 3 to 5 in. long, narrowly 

 ovate when closed, roundish ovate or oval when open, after opening breaking 

 through near the base and falling, leaving the basal scales on the limb; scales 

 thickened or low-pyramidal at apex and bearing an umbo which is abruptly 

 drawn down into a stout somewhat triangular point or short prickle; seeds 

 ovatish, :i to 4 lines long, the wing broadest near the middle and tapering to 

 apex, % to 1 in. long and 4 to 6 lines broad; cotyledons 5 to 10. 



Sierra Nevada, main timber belt, the most abundant species. Coast Ranges, 

 mostly uncommon or absent; occurs sparingly in Santa Lucia, Santa Cruz 

 and Mt. Hamilton ranges; abundant in the inner North Coast Ranges south to 

 Snow Mt.. thence but sparingly in scattered patches west to Willits, south to 

 Eealdsburg and Napa Valley. Wood valuable, straight-grained, rather 

 resinous. 



3. P. coulteri Don. Big-cone Pine. Tree 40 to 70 ft. high with usually 

 spreading crown and long lower branches; bark dark, roughly broken; needles 

 in .".s. meet, tipped with a short hard point, ."i to 10 (or 14) in. Long; nines 

 long ovate, 1" to I. - ! in. long, 5 to 71., in. thick, when falling breaking through 

 Dear tie base like the cone of the Yellow Pine; scales at tip drawn out into 

 prominenl tusk like points or spurs which towards the base of the cone on the 

 onto- side are developed into curving talon like appendages; seeds 6 to 8 lines 

 long with a wing twice or nearly twice as long; cotyledons 10 to 17. 



Dry rocky mountain slopes, Mt. Diablo, Mt. Hamilton, San Carlos and Santa 



Linda ranges and south to Southern California. Timber poor. The Mt. Diablo 



are towards the north base Of the mountain near the village of Clayton. 



There are none in Pine Canon nor in the upper part of Mitchell Canon. 



4. P. sabiniana Dougl Diggeb Pine. Tree 40 to 50 (or 90) ft. high, 



