Flora of Western Middle California 



GYMNOSPERMS 



Trees or shrubs with exogenous resinous stems, ours evergreen with linear, 

 awl-like or scale-like leaves. Stamens and ovules borne separately, usually in 

 catkins. Staminate catkin falling after maturity; pollen disseminated by 

 wind. Ovulate catkin with the ovules borne naked on the surface of a scale, 

 maturing into a woody cone. Cotyledons 3 to 17, rarely 2. Vegetative repro- 

 duction (stump sprouting) rare. 



PINACEAE. Pine Family. 



Trees or shrubs. Leaves narrowly linear and alternate, or with bundles of 

 needle-like leaves in the axils of scale-like (primary) leaves. Stamens and 

 ovules in different catkins, usually on separate branches but always on same 

 tree. Staminate catkins with numerous spirally arranged stamens, each bearing 

 two pollen-sacs. Ovulate catkins with spirally arranged scales, each subtended 

 by a distinct bract; ovules naked, 2 at the base of each scale on the upper 

 side, maturing into seeds which commonly bear a wing derived from the sur- 

 face tissue of the scale. Fruit a woody cone, the scales much enlarged, the 

 bracts elongated and surpassing the scales, shorter than the scales, or minute. 



Cones pendent or spreading, falling from the tree whole, the scales persistent. 



Leaves of 2 kinds, needle-leaves in fascicles of 1 to 5 and scale-leaves; cones maturing 



the second autumn, their bracts minute 1. Pinus. 



Leaves of 1 kind, linear; cones maturing the first autumn, their bracts longer than 



the scales, notched at apex with a spear-like point in the notch 2. Pseudotsuga. 



Cones erect on branch, maturing the first autumn, their scales falling separately; leaf- 

 scars smooth 3. Abies. 



1. PINUS L. Pine. 

 Trees with two sorts of leaves, the primary leaves thin and scaly or chaff -like, 

 bearing in their axils needle-shaped leaves, in fascicles of 1 to 5, which emerge 

 from slender buds whose scarious scales sheathe the base of the cluster. Stami- 

 nate catkins spreading, crowded in a whorl towards the base of the shoot 

 of the same spring. Ovulate catkins erect, 1 to 5 in a sub-terminal whorl. 

 Cones maturing in the second autumn, reflexed or pendulous, their scales woody, 

 imbricated, the exposed portion often much thickened and bearing centrally 

 an elevated scar or prickly boss (umbo). Cotyledons 4 to 17. (Latin name of 

 the pine.) 

 Needles in 5s; cones long-stalked, pendulous, very long-oblong, 13 to 18 in. long; scale 



tips thin, unarmed 1. P. lambertiana. 



Needles in 3s. 



Cones breaking through near base when falling ("broken cone" type). 



Foliage green or yellow green; trunk persisting through crown as one main axis. 

 Cones ovate, 3 to 5 in. long; scale tips thickened, armed with a prickle 



2. P. pondcrosa. 

 Cones long-ovate, 10 to 13 in. long; scale tips drawn out into highly developed 



talon-like spurs 3. P. coulteri. 



Foliage gray; trunk parting into several erect branches; cones round-oval, 6 to 10 in. 

 long 4. P. sabiniana. 



