C YPERACEAE. 



Inflorescence tawny or dark; spikelets rather large, sometimes crowded; perigynium 

 with a more or less thin <>r winged margin, which is incurved at maturity, 

 rendering the perigynium concave on the inner surface. 

 Perigynium ovate or ovate-orbicular, thickened in the middle 14. C. fcstk'a. 



1. C. vesicaria L. Rootstock creeping; stems 1 to 3% ft. high, sharply 

 angled, Bcabrous; leaves 2 to :*> lines wide, the upper exceeding the stem; 

 bracts exceeding the stem; perigynium conspicuously turgid, ovoid or conical, 

 ascending nt maturity, smooth, shining. 



Tomales Bay. 



2. C. pseudo-cyperus L. var. comosa Boott. Stems 1% to 2% ft. high, 

 stout, sharply angled; leaves rigid, tapering to a long slender triangular 

 apex,* 2% to 5 lines wide; spikelets densely flowered, uppermost staminate; 

 perigynia retrorsely spreading in fruit; beak very long, deeply bifid. 



Swamps near San Francisco; marshy flats near Guerneville. 



3. C. bifida Boott. Stems 2 to 3 ft. high, slender, acutely angled; leaves 

 1 to 2 lines wide, pale, mostly shorter than the stem; lower sheaths reddish, 

 sparingly reticulate-fibrous; spikelets 4 to 9 lines long, 3 lines wide, densely 

 Bowered, purple and glaucous, the terminal rarely bearing a few pistillate 

 flowers above; perigynium shortly beaked. 



Salinas Valley; Pacheco Pass. 



4. C. nudata Boott. Stems sharply angled, scabrous, 12 to 16 in. high, 

 slender, clothed at base with conspicuous dark brown leafless reticulate-fibrous 

 sheaths; leaves 1 to 2% lines wide, setaceously pointed, shorter than the stem; 

 bracts without sheaths, lowest rarely equaling the stem; auricles purple, oblong; 

 perigynium purple above, straw-colored below, deciduous. 



Coast Eanges from San Francisco to Ukiah. Apr. 



5. C. obnupta Bailey. Eootstock creeping, stolonif erous ; stems 2 to 4 ft. 

 high, forming large, dense clumps, clothed with dead sheaths below; leaves 

 almost equaling the stems, 2 to 3 lines wide; margins scabrous; bracts much 

 exceeding the stem. 



Common in moist canons and on the borders of streams and swamps. 



6. C. aquatilis Wahl. Eootstock stoloniferous; steins 2 to 3 ft. high, 

 stout, obtusely angled, smooth, spongy at base; leaves pale, 1% to 3 lines 

 wide, often exceeding the stem; bracts foliaceous, clasping, without sheaths, 

 lower much exceeding the stem. 



Santa Clara Valley. 



7. C. sitchensis Presc. Stems 2 to 5 ft. high, stout, sharply angled, 

 Bcabrous, many-leaved at base; lower sheaths reticulate-fibrous; leaves 3 to 4 

 lines wide, rigid, the cauline shorter, the radical longer than the stem ; bracts 

 without sheaths, foliaceous, the lower far exceeding the stem; auricles purple, 

 clasping. 



Salt-marshes about San Francisco Bay and northward along the coast. 



8. C. globosa Boott. Eootstock stolcmif erous; stems 4 to 16 in. high, very 

 Blender, scabrous, clothed at base with reddish-purple sheaths that break up into 

 ili read like fibers; leaves firm, 1 to 2 lines wide, the lower longer than the 

 stem; lower bracts short sheathed, longer than their spikelets. 



< oasl Ranges among Redwoods: Oakland Hills (H. N. Bolander). 



9. C. marcida Boott. stems I to -'•_• ft. high, Blender, Bcabrous; leaves I 

 line wide, shorter than the stem; (lowers often more or less dioecious. 



Lower Sacramento; Poinl [sabel. Apr. 



10. C. brongniartii Kunth. Rootstock creeping; stems 10 to 30 in. high, 



