ARACEAE. 87 



firm, slightly scabrous above; loaves shorter than the stem, 1 to 2% lines 

 wide; bracts setaceous, exceeding the spikelets, the lowest sometimes exceed- 

 ing the stem. — (C. glomerata of Bot. Cal.) 



San Francisco Bay to Mendocino City. Var. densa Bailey (C. paniculata 

 of Bot. Cal.), described as "densely caespitose " find as having denser heads, 

 mostly thickest at the base, often nearly an inch in width. — Salt-marshes near 

 San Francisco, Bolander, no. 1568 in part, teste Bailey. 



11. C. muricata L. var. gracilis Boott. Eootstock creeping, clothed with 

 imbricated strongly nerved purple scales; stems % to 2 ft. high, very slender, 

 sharply angled, scabrous; leaves shorter than the stem, 1 line wide, tapering to 

 a very slender, setaceous summit; bracts ovate, awned, commonly exceeding the 

 spikelets, the lowest setaceous and often an inch or two long. 



Near the coast from San Francisco Bay to Fort Bragg. 



12. C. echinata Murr. Caespitose; stems % to 2 ft. high, few-leaved, 

 stiff; leaves flat and grass-like, % to 1 line wide, much shorter than the stem; 

 lower bract subulate from a lanceolate base, longer or shorter than its 

 spikelet. 



Swamps near Santa Rosa. Apr.-May. 



13. C. deweyana Schwein. Caespitose; stems % to 4 ft. high, sharply 

 angled, scabrous, slender, weak and often decumbent; leaves flaccid, 1 to 2 

 lines wide, shorter than the stem; lowest bract setaceous, seldom exceeding the 

 stem, upper shorter or scale-like. 



Shady hillsides, Napa Valley. Var. bolanderi Boott, with a slender stem 

 and broader leaves is reported from Oakland (H. N. Bolander). 



14. C. f estiva Dewey. Caespitose; stems y 2 to 2 ft. high, sharply angled, 

 sometimes rooting; leaves 3 to 5, the upper the longest, commonly shorter than 

 the stem, 2 to 2% lines wide. 



Coast Eanges, in grassy woods, from Monterey to Ukiah. 



ARACEAE. Arum Family. 



Perennial glabrous herbs with large leaves, perfect or usually unisexual 

 flowers crowded on a spadix surrounded by a usually colored spat lie. Ovary 1 

 to several-celled, ovules 1 to several in each cell. 



1. LYSICHITON Schott. 



Peduncle and radical leaves from a horizontal rootstock. Flowers perfect, 

 the calyx 4-lobed with 4 stamens opposite the segments. Ovary 2-celled, 1 

 ovule in each cell; stigma depressed. Fruit a 2-seeded berry sunk in the 

 spadix. (Greek lusis, loose, and chiton, a tunic or covering, referring to the 

 spathe.) 



1. L. kamtschatcensis Schott. Coarse herb with leaves 1 to 4 ft. long 

 and y 2 to 1% ft. wide; peduncle stout, shorter than the leaves. 



Swamps near the coast: Santa Cruz Mts. near Boulder Creek (Zoe. iv, 160) ; 

 Russian River; Ft. Bragg; Humboldt Bay and northward to southeastern 

 Alaska. 



LEMNACEAE. Duckweed Family. 



Minute floating or submerged aquatic perennials, without leaves. Plant 

 body consisting of a leaf-like stem or "frond" which is densely green, disk 

 shaped, elongated or irregular. Inflorescence a simple cluster of 2 staminate 

 flowers and 1 pistillate flower, contained in a cleft or pouch on the margin 



