JUNCACEAE. 89 



Cold springs and running water. 



4. L. cyclostasa (Ell.) Chev. Fronds solitary or more commonly 2 to 

 8 cohering in a more or less curved chain, thin, oblong to obovate-oblong, 

 usually somewhat falcate, % to % lines wide by 1 to l 1 ^ lines long, without 

 papillae; base of the frond usually unsymmctrical, tapering into a short stipe 

 or frequently sessile; fruit long-ovate, pointed by the long, straight or rarely 

 curved style; seed 12 to 29-ribbed. 



Springs at foot of Uncle Sam Mt. (Mt. Konokti), Lake Co., Bolander. 



5. L. minima Phil. Fronds cohering in twos, sometimes in fours, or soli- 

 tary, oblong to elliptical, symmetrical, % to 1% lines wide, % to 2 lines long, 

 rather thick, with a row of papillae along the mid-nerve; lower surface flat 

 or slightly convex, upper surface slightly to prominently convex with thin 

 margin entirely around the frond; frond cavernous in the middle portion only, 

 commonly nerveless; seed oblong, pointed, about 16-ribbed. 



Two growth stages; smaller fronds straw-yellow or pale green and strik- 

 ingly convex on the upper surface; larger fronds thinner and green-colored. 



2. WOLFFIA Horkel. 

 Very minute plants. Fronds rootless, thin, unsymmetrical, curved in the 

 form of a segment of a band, abundantly punctate on both surfaces with brown 

 epidermal pigment cells. Stipe attached on the margin of the single re- 

 productive pouch which appears as a cleft in the basal margin of the frond. 

 (J. F. Wolff, student of the genus Lemna.) 



1. W. lingulata Hegelm. Fronds at maturity solitary or rarely in 2s, 

 broadly tongue-shaped, % to 1% lines wide, l 1 /^ to 3V± lines long, cavernous 

 throughout the lower central portion; reproductive pouch triangular. 



Irrigation canals, Kern Co., Thompson. 



JUNCACEAE Rush Family. 



Annual or perennial herbs. Stems simple, terete or ancipital, hollow or 

 spongy. Leaves alternate, sheathing, narrow, flat or terete. Flowers lily-like 

 in structure, sedge-like in aspect, small, dry, perfect, disposed in terminal or 

 apparently lateral heads, spikes, sub-umbellate clusters or panicles. Perianth 

 consisting of 6 distinct similar glume-like segments. Stamens 6 or sometimes 

 3. Ovary superior, 3 or sometimes 1-celled; stigmas 3, filiform; ovules 3 to 

 many. Fruit a loculicidally 3-valved capsule. Embryo minute, enclosed in 

 fleshy endosperm. In both the genera Luzula and Juncus, individuals of the 

 same species vary greatly in aspect owing to the tendency of the inflorescence 

 to become either capitately-congested on the one hand or loosely paniculate on 

 the other. (The specific keys and descriptions in this family have been done 

 by Mr. J. Burtt Davy.) 



Leaves stiff, terete or flat; stems usually with spongy pith; capsule 3 or 1-celled; seeds 



several to many 1. Juncus. 



Leaves soft, flat; stems hollow; capsule 1-celled; seeds 3 2. Luzula. 



1. JUNCUS L. Rush. 

 Plants of swamps or wet places; herbage glabrous. Stems usually with 

 spongy pith. Leaves stiff, terete, channeled or flat. Flowers panicled, corym- 

 bose or in dense clusters, greenish or brownish. Capsule 3-eelled with central 

 placentae or 1-celled with 3 parietal placenta-, many-seeded. I'm- detecting the 

 markings on the seeds of most of the Junci, a ^ or ^ in. objective is aeces- 



