92 LiLiACEAE. 



rootstoeks sparsely tufted; stems erect, leafy, 12 in. high; leaf-blades 3 to 6 

 in. Long, 2 to .°) lines wide, flat, villous at the throat and sparsely so on the 

 margins; brad foliaceous, much exceeding the inflorescence; inflorescence y 2 

 to l ' •_• in. long; flowers spicate; spikes erect, simple or cyinosely pedunculate; 

 bractlets scarious, hyaline and ciliate above; perianth lobes \\ /, lines long, 

 tinged with dark brown.— (Juncoides coniosum Sheldon.) 



One of the earliest flowers of spring, frequenting partially shaded spots. 

 Mar. -Apr. Var. subsessilis Wats, has solitary or few nearly sessile loose 

 pale-colored spikes. — Olema. Var. congesta Thuill. has several close sessile 

 spikes forming a more or less conical head. — Lake Merced. 



LILIACEAE. Lily Family. 



Ours perennial herbs. Stems from bulbs, corms or rootstoeks, either scape-like 

 and the leaves all radical, or more or less leafy and frequently branching. 

 Flowers regular and perfect; perianth with 6 segments or lobes, usually colored 

 alike; when strongly differentiated by shape or color, the outer 3 are called 

 sepals and the inner 3 petals. Stamens 6, sometimes 3 or 4. Ovary superior, 

 commonly 3-celled; styles 3, or 1 and 3-cleft or with 3 stigmas. Fruit a 

 capsule or berry. Maianthemum has a 2-merous flower, Scoliopus a 1-celled 

 ovary, and Veratrum polygamous flowers. The perianth-segments are distinct 

 except in Brodiaea and Odontostomum. Cauline leaves alternate, sometimes 

 whorled in Fritillaria and Lilium, netted-veined and whorled in Trillium. 



A. Fruit a capsule. 

 J. Plants with bulbs or conns. 

 Stems from a scaly bulb; leaves cauline and often whorled. or sometimes mostly at 

 base. 

 Flowers ^ to 1^ in. long; style often 3-cleft; perianth-segments with a more or less 



circular nectar-bearing area towards the base 1. Fritillaria. 



Flowers much larger, always showy; style entire; perianth-segments not bearing nec- 

 taries, but with a nectar-bearing groove towards the base 2. Lilium. 



Stems from corms; leaves all at base and the stems either scapes or scape-like, or with 

 few or reduced cauline leaves in no. 5 and in some species of no. 4. 

 Flowers solitary or racemose, bractless, borne on a scape-like stem; perianth-segments 



equal or nearly so; leaves 2, at the base of the stem, broad 3. Erythronium. 



Flowers solitary on a simple stem, terminal on the branches or umbellately fascicled 

 but without involucre or circle of bracts; outer perianth-segments commonly 

 greenish and much smaller than the inner showy ones which usually bear a con- 

 spicuous glandular pit near the base; leaves few, narrow and elongated, all radical, 



or 1 or 2 cauline 4. Calochortus. 



Flowers in racemes terminating the branches; bracts subulate; perianth with a narrow 



tube and rerlexed segments; stamens 6; staminodia 6 5. Odontostomum. 



Flowers in umbels, always with 2 or more bracts; leaves all radical. 



Perianth-segments united below into a tube; stamens 6, often with appendaged or 

 winged filaments or 3 of the stamens replaced by dilated sterile filaments or 



staminodia 6. Brodiaea. 



Perianth-segments distinct or nearly so. 



Filaments arising from a cup-like appendage 7. Bloomeria. 



Filaments not appendaged, sometimes dilated at base. 



emi-terete; bracts 4 to 6 8. Muilla. 



Leaves plane or convolute-filiform; bracts 2 or 3 9. Allium. 



Stems from tunieated bulbs; perianth segments distinct; leaves all or mainly radical. 

 Style 3-cleft, at least slightly; capsule loculicidal, as in all the preceding. 



Flowers in a simple raceme borne on a scape 10. CamaSSIA. 



Flowers racemose in a widely branching very ample panicle .... 1 1 . Oilorogalum. 

 Styles 3, distinct; capsule deeply 3-lobed, septicidal; flowers in a raceme or panicle, 



the perianth-segments with green glands at base 12. Zygadenus. 



Plants xvith rootstoeks. 

 Stamens 6; stems simple. 



Stein with broad leaves suggesting a cornstalk; styles .1. distinct; flowers in a pubescent 

 panicle 13. Veratrum. 



