LILY FAMILY. 107 



in some eases also aepticidal. Seeds 2 to 4 in each cell. (Greek xeros, dry, and 

 phullon, leaf, the foliage very hard and dry.) 



1. X. tenax (Pursh) Nutt. Bear Grass. Stem 2% to 6 ft. high, exceeding 



the radical leaves which are 1 to 3 lines wide; raceme dense, % to 1 ft. long 

 or more; pedicels 1 to 2 in. long, each with a scarious bract at base Yj as 

 long, or the lowermost bracts foliaceous and exceeding the pedicels; perianth- 

 segments linear-oblong, 4 lines long, the filaments a little longer; capsule 

 broadly ovate, acute, almost 3 lines long, loculicidally 3-valved. 



Monterey and northward in Coast Ranges to Del Norte Co. where it is very 

 common ; northern Sierra Nevada. Said to bloom only once in 5 or 7 years 

 (Erythea, vi, 74). June. Pedicels in flower spreading, past anthesis strictly 

 erect; as the fruit matures they bend outward and the capsule is on a divergent 

 pedicel. The fibres of the leaves were employed by the Hupas for making 

 garments and for decorative work in baskets, while the bulbs furnished a 

 nourishing food after being roasted in a pit for two days. 



15. NARTHECIUM Moeh. Bog Asphodel. 

 Leaves narrowly linear and equitant, mostly radical, borne on a creeping 

 rootstock. Stems rather scape-like with few radical leaves, bearing a terminal 

 raceme of yellowish-green flowers. Pedicels with a bractlet at the middle. 

 Perianth with 6 distinct segments. Stamens 6, the filaments densely woolly, 

 except at the very base. Style 1, attenuate upward to the stigma which is 

 scarcely or very slightly lobed. Capsule loculicidal, with thin-chartaceous 

 walls. Seeds numerous with a long bristle-like point at each end. (Narthex, 

 Greek name of Ferula, the stems of which were used as rods; applied here on 

 account of the scapose or rod-Like flower stems.) 



1. N. calif ornicum Baker. Leaves iris-like, 4 to 8 in. long, iy 2 to 2 lines 

 wide; cauline leaves 2 or 3, 1 to iy 2 i n - long; stems 18 or 20 in. high; 

 raceme loose, 3% to 4% in. long; perianth-segments oblong-linear, acute, 3 or 4 

 lines long, the inner with scarious margins; ripe capsules salmon-color; seeds, 

 including the points or tails, 5 lines long. 



Mendocino Co. and northward; northern Sierra Nevada. 



16. TRILLIUM L. Wake Robix. 

 Stem simple, from a tuberous rootstock, naked below and bearing at the 

 summit a whorl of 3 round-ovate netted-veined leaves and a single large flower. 

 Perianth of 3 lanceolate herbaceous persistent sepals and 3 larger marcescent 

 petals. Stamens 6, much shorter than the segments; anthers linear, on short 

 filaments, adnate. Ovary 3 to 6-angled, 3-celled or 1-celled at summit. Stigma 

 sessile, elongated, stigmatic down the inside. Fruit a fleshy reddish capsule. 

 - ovate. (Latin triplum, triple, on account of the 3-merous flowers.) 



Flower sessile 1. T. sessile. 



Flower raised on a peduncle 2. T. ovatum. 



1. T. sessile L. var. giganteum H. & A. Common Trillium. Stem stout, 

 sometimes more than one from the same root, 1 to 1-% ft. high; leaves round- 

 ovate. ?, i L , to •"> in. long, commonly broader than long; petals narrowly obovate 

 to oblanceolate, 2 1 /> in. long, deep red or lilac, or varying to white; stamens 

 1" To 12 lines long. 



-t Range woods but not in inner Coast Range. I-Yb.-Mar. Var. CHLOBO- 

 petalum Torr. Petals white, yellowish or greenish.— Pt. Reyes Peninsula. 

 Napa Valley has only the white-flowered form (Mrs. 1). 0. Eunt). Var. 



