122 FAGACEAE. 



v. .lucres borne in reduced or short catkins, often solitary, or sometimes 1' or 

 2 ;ii base of Btaminate catkin; ovary adherent to the calyx, 3-celled, 6-ovuled, 

 only one ovule maturing, the remaining ovules and the other two cells abor- 

 tive. Fruit a nut borne singly in a scaly cup or 1 to 3 in a spiny bur. 

 Fruit an acorn; catkins simple. 



Catkins unisexual, the staminatc drooping 1. Oukkcus. 



Catkins erect, all with staminate flowers, pistillate flowers at base of some of them. 



2. Pasania. 



Fruit a spiny bur; catkins erect, often branching, unisexual, or with pistillate flowers at 



base of some of the staminate catkins 3. Castanopsis. 



1. QUERCUS L. Oak. 



Trees or shrubs of slow growth, hard wood and usually contorted branches. 

 Flowers greenish or yellowish. Staminate catkins pendulous, one or several 

 from the lowest axils of the season 's shoot. Pistillate flowers borne in the 

 upper axils of the season's shoot, the ovary with 3 to 5 styles or stigmas. 

 Fruit an acorn, the nut set in a scaly cup. Abortive ovules often discernible 

 in the ripe or nearly ripe acorn. (Latin name of the oak.) 



A. Bark commonly white or whitish, wood light colored ; stamens mostly 6 to 9 ; stigmas sessile or nearly so; 



abortive ovules mostly towards the base of nut. — White Oaks. 



1. Acorns ripe in first autumn; nut glabrous on the inner surface. 



Deciduous trees. 



Jiranchlets pendulous; acorn cups deep, the nut long and slender; leaves pinnately 

 parted with coarsely 2 to 3-toothed lobes; trunk bark dark brown, deeply checked 



into small cube-like or rectangular plates; valleys 1. Q. lobata. 



P.ranchlets not pendulous; acorn cups shallow; trunk bark white, shallowly checked but 

 smoothish. 

 Leaves dark lustrous green above, rusty or pale beneath, 5 to 7-parted; nut sjbglobose 



or oblong-cylindric; mainly North Coast Ranges 2. Q. garryana. 



Leaves bluish green above, pale beneath, oblong, coarsely toothed or entire; nut 



oval, often swollen at or below middle; dry foothills 3. Q. douglasii. 



Kvergreen shrubs of the chaparral; leaves Y\ to 1 in. long. 



Leaves plane or undulate, oblong, entire or unequally spinose-serrate, mainly deciduous 



in late winter; nut oval to cylindric, rounded or pointed at apex.... 4. Q. dunwsa. 



Leaves revolute, equally spinose-dentate, persistent through winter; nut short-cylindric, 



rounded at apex 5. Q. durata. 



2. Acorns ripe in second autumn; nut tomentosc or hairy within. 

 Evergreen trees; leaves commonly 1 to 2 in. long, entire or spinose-toothed, dull green 

 above, lead color beneath or with a golden fuzz when young; acorn cup large, typically 

 like a yellow turban ; mountains 6. Q. chrysolefis. 



Bark dark or black, wood dark or reddish ; stamens mostly 4 to 6; stigmas on long styles ; abortive ovules mostly 



towards top of nut; nut tomentose within. — Black Oaks. 

 Evergreen trees; nut slender-ovate. 



Acorns ripe in first autumn; leaves roundish or elliptic, convex above; coast valleys 



and hills 7. Q. agri folia. 



Acorns ripe in second autumn; leaves oblong, obtuse or tapering to the acute apex, 



plane, pale yellowish below; interior valleys and hills 8. Q.wislxsenii. 



Deciduous trees; acorns ripe in second autumn, oblong, obtuse; leaves pinnately parted, 

 the divisions lobed and bristle-tipped; mountains 9. Q. kelloggii. 



1. Q. lobata Nee. Vallbv Oak. Graceful tree commonly 4<> to 7.1 ft. 

 high; leaves .'J to 4 (rarely 6) in. long, 2 to 3 in. wide, green above, paler 

 beneath, yellow-veined, pinnately parted to the middle or aearly to the mid- 

 rib into 3 to 5 pairs of lobes; lobes most commonly broadened towards the end. 

 left frequently pointed, coarsely 2 or 3-toothed at apex, or sometimes entire; 

 cup drab-brown, deeply hemispherical, very warty, '._. to ■"•, in. deep or more, 



Of greater diameter than the nut; nut long-conical, at first bright green, 

 later mahogany or chestnut-brown, 1 j L . to _', in. long, | •_. to ■"•, in. thick. 



