1 24 FAGACEAE. 



scales tuberculate; nut short, thick, cylindric, rounded al apex, 7 to 9 lines 

 long. 



San Carlos Range and northward to the Napa Range. 



6. Q. chrysolepis Liebm. • Maul Oak. Tree 20 to 60 ft. high with round- 

 ish or often spreading crown, or frequently reduced to a small shrub; trunk 

 bark whitish, rather smooth; leaves 1 to 2 (sometimes even 4) in. long, thick, 

 green above, yellow beneath with a fine fuzz or powder, or eventually lead- 

 color or dull white, ovate or oblong-ovate, acute at apex, entire, or with entire 

 and toothed Leaves frequently found on the same twig; typical cup thick and 

 round-edged with a fine fuzzy or felt-like tomentum concealing the scales, 

 the whole suggesting a yellow turban, but thinnish cups and scanty pubescence 

 not concealing the scales occur as frequently; nut ovate, globose, or cylindric, 

 rounded at apex or sharply pointed, 1 to l 1 /^ in. long, % to 1 in. thick. 



Mountain ridges, slopes and canons almost throughout California, extremely 

 variable in habit and in the acorns. Not occurring in the foothills. Called 

 Canon Oak, Gold-cup Oak and Mountain Live Oak. It furnishes the most 

 valuable wood amongst our species, being strong, tough and close-grained. 



Q. vaccinifolia Engelm. Huckleberry Oak. Low evergreen shrub ; branches 

 slender and pliable, forming broom-like tufts at top of stems ; leaves very small, 

 mostly entire, no golden fuzz; acorn-cup thin; nut globose-ovate, 4 to 6 lines 

 long. — Sierra Nevada, 5,000 to 10,000 ft., often gregarious. 



7. Q. agrifolia Nee. Coast Live Oak. Low broad-headed tree 20 to 70 

 ft. high; trunk bark smooth and beech-like or irregularly fissured; leaves 

 roundish, elliptic, sometimes ovate or oblong, usually with spine-tipped teeth 

 or sometimes entire, commonly 1 or 2 in. long but varying from y.> to 4 

 in., usually convex above; cup broadly turbinate, 4 to 7 lines deep, usually em- 

 bracing only the base of the nut; nut slender, pointed, 1 to 1% in. long, 

 .1 to 7 lines thick. 



Rich valley floors and rocky hills, abundant from Sonoma and Napa cos. 

 to Alameda and Santa Clara cos. and southward to Southern California. En- 

 cina of the Spanish-Calif ornians. Called simply "Live Oak" by the people. 



8. Q. wislizenii A.DC. Interior Live Oak. Round-crowned tree 30 to 

 7.1 ft. high; trunk bark dark, very smooth or sometimes roughly fissured; 

 leaves typically oblong (varying to elliptic, ovate or ovate-lanceolate), either 

 tapering to apex or rounded, 1 to 2% (or 4) in. long, entire or spiny-toothed, 

 green and shining above, pale yellowish green below; cup deeply cup-shaped to 

 hemispherical, embracing % to % the nut, 6 or 7 lines broad, the scales thin. 

 red-brown; nut cylindric and tapering to the apex or conical, often streaked 

 longitudinally with dark lines converging at the summit, l r i to L% in. long. 



Dry inoii m a in slopes and fertile valley floors: Sierra Nevada foothills, Great 

 Valley and inner Coast Range. ('ailed simply "Live Oak" by the people. 

 Ynr. peutescens Engelm. is a scrub form in the chaparral on the higher c o;i st 

 Range summits. 



9. Q. kelloggii Newb. California Black Oak. Graceful tree with 

 broad rounded crown, 30 to 80 ft. high; trunk bark dark, checked into small 

 plates; leaves deeply and mostly sinnatrly parted with about :'> Lobes on each 

 Bide ending in 1 t<> :'» or more coarse bristle-tipped teeth, lustrous green above, 

 lighter beneath, often white with a fine tomentum when young, 4 to 10 in. 

 long and -'■_. to 6 in. wide; cup Large, % to 1 in. deep, % to 1% in. broad, 



cales thin, with a membranous and sometimes ragged margin; nut deeply 



