OAK FAMILY. 125 



set in the cup, typically oblong in outline, rounded at apex, 1 to lVt in. long 



and % in. thick, covered at first with a fine fuzz. — ((^. californica Cooper.) 



Mountain slopes and gravelly valleys, Sierra Nevada and Coast Ranges, but 

 not near the sea. 



2. PASANIA Miq. Tax Oak. 



Evergreen trees or shrubs with evergreen leaves and erect catkins. Stani- 

 inate flowers one in a place, densely disposed in elongated simple catkins; 

 stamens 8 to 10, 4 times as long as the 5-parted calyx. Pistillate flowers 1 

 in an involucre, the involucres few at the base of some of the staminate cat- 

 kins; calyx often with rudimentary stamens; ovary 3-celled. Fruit an acorn, 

 the cup with slender spreading scales. (Pasania, native name of one of the 

 species in Java.) 



1. P. densiflora Oerst. Tax Oak. Large tree 50 to 150 ft. high; leaves 

 oblong, acute, strongly parallel-nerved beneath, the nerves ending in the teeth 

 of the margin, 2% to 4 1 / 4 in. long, 1 to 1% in. wide; catkins slender, 2 to 4 

 in. long; acorns ripe in second autumn; cup % to 1*4 in. broad; nut globose 

 or short thick cylindric, 1 to 1% in. long, covered with a deciduous close 

 woolly coat. — (Quercus densifioia H. &■ A.) 



Fertile mountain slopes and ridges, associated with the Redwood, or in 

 Mendocino and Humboldt cos., most highly developed in the "Bald Hills'' 

 country just inside the Redwood Belt. The bark is peeled in large quantities 

 for tanning leather. 



3. CASTANOPSIS Spach. Chixquapix. 

 Evergreen trees or shrubs. Catkins slender, erect. Staminate flowers in 

 clusters of 3, disposed in elongated simple or sometimes branching catkins ; 

 calyx 5 or 6 parted; stamens 10 or 12; ovary rudiment present. Pistillate flow- 

 ers 1 to 3 in an involucre, the involucres on shorter catkins or sometimes scat- 

 tered at the base of the staminate catkins; calyx 6-cleft with abortive stamens 

 on its lobes; ovary 3-celled with 2 ovules in each cell; styles 3. Fruit ripe in 

 second autumn, the spiny bur-like involucre enclosing 1 to 3 nuts. Nuts ovoid 

 or globose, more or less angled, usually 1-seeded. (Greek kastanea, chestnut, 

 and opsis, resemblance.) 



Tree with thick rough bark, less commonly a shrub; leaves 2 l / 2 to 5 l /z in. long; usually 



long-pointed 1. C. chrysophylla. 



Shrub, low and spreading, with thin bark; leaves 1 1 / 2 to 3 in. long, usually obtuse 



2. C. sempervirens. 



1. C. chrysophylla A. DC. Giant Chixquapix. Tree 50 to 115 ft. high 

 with the very thick trunk bark broken into longitudinal furrows; leaves oblong, 

 tapering to base and also to the apex (commonly abruptly long-pointed), entire, 

 dark green on the upper surface, at first golden with a fine tomentum below, 

 later light olive-yellow, 2]/, to 5C» in. long, % to 1% in. wide, the nerves 

 straightish, forking well inside the margin; burs chestnut-like, irregularly 4- 

 valved. containing 1 or sometimes 2 Bubtriangular nuts 4 or 5 lines long with 

 hard shell and sweet kernel. — (Castanea chrysophylla DougL) 



Deep soil of mountain ridges and slopes from Mendocino Co. (where it is 

 ated with the Redwood) north to the Oregon Cascade Mts. Often called 

 Chestnut, Red Oak and Bur Oak. Yar. minor Benth. Golden Chinquapin. 

 Shrub '•'> to 15 ft. high; leaves with the sides partly folded along the midrib 

 (trough-like), very golden below. — Rocky ridges and slopes: Monterey; Santa 

 Cruz Mts.; Moraga Ridge: Mt. Tamalpais and north to the Mendocino 



